ainstreaming Biodiversity for Food and Nutrition into Policies and Practices: Methodologies and Lessons Learned from Four Countries

This paper outlines the methodology for mainstreaming biodiversity developed by the Biodiversity for Food and Nutrition Project (BFN), a multi-country initiative led by Brazil, Kenya, Sri Lanka and Turkey. BFN explored the nutritional properties of traditional and/or neglected native edible species, both wild and cultivated (including varieties and landraces), and used this knowledge to incorporate local agricultural biodiversity into national and global policy instruments that address food and nutrition security through the promotion of healthy, diversified and sustainable diets. Across the four countries, the project adopted a three-pillar approach for mainstreaming biodiversity for food and nutrition into policies and practices by: 1) Providing Evidence, 2) Influencing Policy, and 3) Raising Awareness. Case study examples from Brazil, Kenya, Turkey, and Sri Lanka demonstrate how the approach can be adapted to suit specific country contexts and how a multi-level, cross-sectoral partnership-based approach can create an enabling environment for mainstreaming biodiversity to improve nutrition.

___

Abukutsa-Onyango, M. O. 2007. Seed Production and Support Systems for African Leafy Vegetables in Three Communities in Western Kenya. African Journal of Food Agriculture, Nutrition and Development Volume 7, No: 3. ISSN 1648-5374 (Online).

Allen, T., P. Prosperi, B. Cogill, and G. Flichman. 2014. Agricultural biodiversity, social-ecological systems and sustainable diets. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 73 (4): 498-508.

Anonymous. 2006. Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). COP 8, Decision VIII/23. Available at: https://www.cbd.int/decision/cop/?id=11037.

Anonymous. 2009. State of Brazil’s plant genetic resources - Second National Report. Conservation and sustainable utilization for food and agriculture. Brasília, DF, 2009, p. 29. Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation.

Anonymous. 2014a. Fifth National Report to the UN Convention on Biological Diversity. Ministry of Forestry and Water Affairs (MoF&WA), Republic of Turkey.

Anonymous. 2014b. TürKomp, Turkish Food Composition Database, version 1.0. Food Institute, TÜBİTAK Marmara Research Center, Gebze / Kocaeli, 2014. Website:www.turkomp.gov.tr.

Anonymous. 2015a. Connecting global priorities, biodiversity and human health. Summary of the state of knowledge review. WHO. World Health Organization.

Anonymous. 2015b. The state of food insecurity in the world 2015. Meeting the 2015 international hunger targets: taking stock of uneven progress (FAO, IFAD and WFP). Rome, FAO.

Anonymous. 2015c. Conselho Federal de Nutricionistas. IV jornada de atualização técnica de fiscais do Sistema CFN/CRN.

Anonymous. 2016a. Food systemsanddiets: Facingthechallengesofthe21stCentury. Global Panelon Agricultureand Food Systems forNutrition(GPA&FSN). London,UK.

Anonymous. 2016b. IPES-Food. From uniformity to diversity: A paradigm shift from industrial agriculture to diversified agroecological systems. International panel of experts on sustainable food systems.

Anonymous. 2016c. Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). Brazil - Country profile - Biodiversity facts. Available at:https://www.cbd.int/countries/profile/default.shtml?country=br.

Anonymous. 2016d. Global Nutrition Report 2016: From promise to impact: ending malnutrition by 2030. International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). Washington, D. C. USA.

Anonymous. 2016e. National biodiversity strategic action plan 2016-2022. Colombo, Sri Lanka: Biodiversity Secretariat, Ministry of Mahaweli Development and Environment (MoMD & E).

Anonymous. 2016f. National biodiversity strategy and action plan 2016-2020. Ministry of Environment, Brazil.

Anonymous. 2016g. Busia county biodiversity policy (Our heritage, our strength and the basis of our development) 2016-2023. Busia County, Government of the Republic of Kenya,2016.

Anonymous. 2016h. Voluntary guidelines for mainstreaming biodiversity into policies, programmes and national and regional plans of action on nutrition. Food and Agriculture organization of the United Nations(FAO).

Anonymous. 2017a. HLPE. Nutrition and food systems. A report by the High Level Panel of Experts on food security and nutrition of the committee on world food security, Rome.

Anonymous. 2017b. Global nutrition report 2017: Nourishing the SDGs. Bristol, UK: Development Initiatives.

Anonymous. 2017c. Mainstreaming agrobiodiversity in sustainable food systems: Scientific foundations for an agrobiodiversity index. Bioversity International, Rome.Italy.

Anonymous. 2017d. The state of food security and nutrition in the world 2017. Building resilience for peace and food security (FAO, IFAD, UNICEF, WFP and WHO). Rome, FAO.

Anonymous. 2017e. FAO/INFOODS Food Composition Database for Biodiversity Version 4.0 - BioFoodComp4.0. FAO, Rome.

Anonymous. 2018a. Plantas para o Futuro. Ministry of Environment, Brazil. Fromhttp://www.mma.gov.br/biodiversidade/conservacao- e-promocao-do-uso-da-diversidade-genetica/plantas- para-o-futuro#.

Anonymous. 2018b. Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). WhatisNBSAP? Fromhttps://www.cbd.int/nbsap/introduction.shtml

Anonymous. 2018c. Diário official da união. Portaria Interministerial Nº 284 de 30 de Maio de 2018. ISSN 1677-7042. Imprensa Nacional (MoE&MoSD).

Ayas, F., F. A. Vuran, K. Yuksel, O. Cinar, S. Tugrul Ay, and S. Karabak 2017. The Antioxidant Capacities and Consumption Per Capita of Edible Wild Species and Local Varieties Collected from Turkey within the GEF-Funded Biodiversity for Food and Nutrition (BFN) project. ANADOLU, J. of AARI 27 (2):46- 53.

Beltrame, D. M. O, C. N. S. Oliveira, T. Borelli, R. A. C. Santiago, E. S. Monego, V. V. Rosso, L. Coradin, and D. Hunter. 2016. Diversifying institutional food procurement – opportunities and barriers for integrating biodiversity for food and nutrition in Brazil. Revista Raizes 36(2) p. 55-69 ISSN: 0102- 552X.

Broegaard, R. B., L. V. Rasmussen, N. Dawson, O. Mertz, T. Vongvisouk, and K. Grogan. 2017. Wild food collection and nutrition under commercial agriculture expansion in agriculture-forest landscapes. Forest Policy and Economics 84: 92-101.

Cinar, A., S. Tugrul Ay, F. Ayas, S. Karabak, N. Guzelsoy, and O. Ucurum. 2017. Foxtail lily (EremurusspectabilisM. Bieb.) as priority species of Biodiversity for Food and Nutrition Project of Turkey. ANADOLU, J. of AARI 27(2): 69 -73.

Dogan, Y. 2012. Traditionally used wild edible greens in the Aegean region of Turkey. Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae Vol 81, No 4.

Ebert, A. W. 2014. Potential of underutilised traditional vegetables and legume crops to contribute to food and nutritional security, income and more sustainable production systems. Sustainability 6: 319-335.

Ertug, F. 2014. Yenen Bitkiler (Edible Plants).In:A. Güner and T. Ekim (Eds.) Resimli Türkiye florası (İllustrated flora of Turkey). Vol. 1. Ali Nihat Gökyiğit vakfı, flora araştırmaları derneği and Türkiye İş bankası kültür yayınları,İstanbul.

França, C., M. Grossi, and V. Marques. 2009. O censo agropecuário 2006 e a agricultura familiar no Brasil. Brasília: Ministry of Agrarian Development.

Gido, E. O., O. I. Ayuya, G. Owuor, and W. Bokelmann. 2017. Consumption intensity of leafy African indigenous vegetables: towards enhancing nutritional security in rural and urban dwellers in Kenya. Agricultural and Food Economics 5:14.

Gillespie, S., L. Haddad, V. Mannar, P. Menon, and N. Nisbett. 2013. The politics of reducing malnutrition: building commitment and accelerating progress. Maternal and child nutrition study group. Lancet 382 (9891):552-569.

Guzelsoy, N. A., O. Uçurum , E. Tokat, A. Tan, S. Tugrul Ay, and K. Ozbek. 2017. Nutritional Properties of some Wild Edible Plant Species in Turkey. ANADOLU, J. of AARI 27 (2):39-45.

Hajjar, R., D. I. Jarvis, and B. Gemmill-Herren. 2008. The utility of crop genetic diversity in maintaining ecosystem services. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 123: 261-270.

Hunter, D., B. Burlingame, and R. Remans. 2015. Biodiversity and nutrition.In: WHO/CBD (Ed.) Connecting global priorities: Biodiversity and human health: A state of knowledge review. Geneva: WHO. 97-129.

Hunter, D., I. Özkan, D. Moura de Oliveira Beltrame, W.L. G.Samarasinghe,V.W.Wasike,U.R.Charrondière, T. Borelli, and J. Sokolow. 2016. Enabled or disabled: is the environment right for using biodiversity to improve nutrition? Front. Nutr. 3: 14.

Huntley, B. J., and K. H. Redford. 2014. Mainstreaming biodiversity in practice: a STAP advisory document. Global Environment Facility, Washington, D.C. USA.

Johns, T., and P. B. Eyzaguirre. 2006. Linking biodiversity, diet and health in policy and practice. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 65 (2): 182–189.

Jones, A. D. 2017. On-farm crop species richness is associated with household diet diversity and quality in subsistence- and market-oriented farming households in Malawi. J. Nutr.147 (1): 86-96.

Karabak, S. 2017. Economic and socio-cultural importance of edible wild species. ANADOLU, J. of AARI. 27 (2): 26-38. MFAL.

Katulanda, P., M. A. Jayawardena, M. H. Sheriff, G. R. Constantine and D. R. Matthews. 2010. Prevalence of overweight and obesity in Sri Lankan adults. Obes Rev. (11):751-756.

Kepe, T. 2008. Beyond the numbers: understanding the value of vegetation to rural livelihoods in Africa. Geoforum 39 (2): 958-968.

Khoury, C. K., A. D. Bjorkman, H. Dempewolf, J. Ramirez- Villegas, L. Guarino, A. Jarvis, L. H. Rieseberg and P. C. Struik. 2014. Increasing homogeneity in global food supplies and the implications for food security. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 111 (11):4001-6.

Khoury, C. K., H. A.Achicanoy,A. D.Bjorkman,C.Navarro- Racines,L.Guarino,X.Flores-Palacios,J. M. M.Engels,J. H.Wiersema,H.Dempewolf,S.Sotelo, J. Ramírez-Villegas,N. P.Castañeda-Álvarez,C.Fowler, A.Jarvis,L. H.Rieseberg,and P. C.Struik. 2016. Originsof foodcrops connect countries worldwide. Proceedingof the RoyalSocietyB283:20160792.

Koppmair, S., M. Kassie, and M. Qaim. 2017. Farm production, market access and dietary diversity in Malawi. Public Health Nutrition 20 (2):325-335.

Li, X., and K. H. M. Siddique. 2018. Future Smart Food - Rediscovering hidden treasures of neglected and underutilised species for Zero Hunger in Asia. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Bangkok, 242 pp.

Ngugi, I. K., R. Gitau, and J. K. Nyoro. 2006. Access to high value markets by smallholder farmers of African indigenous vegetables in Kenya. Tegemeo Institute, Egerton University.

Nugent, R. 2011. Bringing agriculture to the table: How agriculture and food can play a role in preventing chronic disease. Chicago council on global affairs.

Ozbek, K., S. Karabak, N. Aysar Guzelsoy, N. Sari, R. Murat Duran, R. Tasci, B. Guner, H. Yuce Arslan, D. Deniz, A. Aksoy. 2017. Biodiversity for Food and Nutrition Project: Black Sea region studies. ANADOLU, J. of AARI 27 (2): 17-25.

Ozcan, M. 1999. The physical and chemical properties and fatty acid compositions of raw and brined caperberries (Capparis spp.). Turkish journal of agriculture and forestry 23 (3): 771-776

Powell, B., S. H. Thilsted, A. Ickowitz, C. Termote, T. Sunderland and A. Herforth. 2015. Improving diets with wild and cultivated biodiversity from across the landscape. Food Security 7: 535-554.

Rajapaksha, U. 1998. Traditional food plants in Sri Lanka. Hector Kobbekaduwa agrarian research and training institute, Sri Lanka.

Remans, R., and S. Smukler. 2013. Linking biodiversity and nutrition.In:J. Fanzoet al. (Eds). Diversifying foods and diets: using agricultural biodiversity to improve nutrition and health. Routledge, 140-163.

Remans, R., D. F. Flynn, F. DeClerck, W. Diru, J. Fanzo, K. Gaynor, I. Lambrecht, J. Mudiope, P. K. Mutuo, P. Nkhoma, D. Siriri, C. Sullivan, and C. A. Palm. 2011. Assessing nutritional diversity of cropping systems in African villages. PLoS ONE 6 (6): e21235.

Romeo, A.,J.Meerman,M.Demeke,A.ScognamilloandS.Asfaw. 2016. Linking farmdiversificationtohousehold dietdiversification:evidencefromasampleofKenyan ultra-poor farmers. Food Security8(6): 1069-1085.

Sekercioglu,C.H.,S. S.Anderson,E.Akcay,R.Bilgin,O.Emre Can,G.Semiz,C.Tavsanoglu,M. B.Yokeş,A.Soyumert,K.Ipekdal,I.K.Sağlam,M.Yucel,andH.N.Dalfes. 2011. Turkey’s globally importantbiodiversityin crisis. Biological Conservation 144:2752-2769.

Stöber, S., W. Chepkoech, S. Neubert, B. Kurgat, H. Bett,and H. Lotze-Campen. 2016. Adaptation pathways for African indigenous vegetables’ value chains. pp.21- 23.InFilhoet al. (Eds) Symposium on climate change adaptation in Africa “Fostering African resilience and capacity to adapt”, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Tan, A. 2010. Second national report of Turkey on Conservation and Sustainable Utilisation of Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture on conservation and sustainable utilization of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture, AARI Pub. No: 141. Meta Basım.Bornova.

Tan, A., N. Adanacioglu, S. Karabak, L. Aykas, N. Tas, and T. Taylan. 2017. Biodiversity for Food and Nutrition: Edible wild plant species of Aegean region of Turkey. ANADOLU, J. of AARI 27 (2): 1-8.

Tan, A., and Taskin. T. 2011. Some edible wild plants of Turkey and their use. Transaction of the international scientific conference “Actual problems in the use of useful plants”. Proceedings. 26-28. Oktober 2011. Bakü, Azerbaijan.

Tugrul Ay, S., A. Cinar, F. Ayas, K. Yuksel, O. Cinar, and S. Karabak. 2017. Mediterranean Region Studies of Mainstreaming Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Use for Improved Human Nutrition and Wellbeing Project. ANADOLU, J. of AARI 27 (2): 9- 16.
ANADOLU Ege Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi-Cover
  • ISSN: 1300-0225
  • Yayın Aralığı: Yılda 2 Sayı
  • Başlangıç: 1991
  • Yayıncı: Ege Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü
Sayıdaki Diğer Makaleler

A Preliminary Study on Response of Iron Content and Yield of Corn to Different Rates of Sewage Sludge

BÜLENT YAĞMUR, İHSAN BÜLENT OKUR, Ekrem OZLU, NUR OKUR

Evaluation of Heavy Element Contamination Levels with the Use of Different Species of Hydrophilidae (Coleoptera) in Erzurum Province of Turkey

ZEYNEP AYDOĞAN, ÜMİT İNCEKARA, ALİ GÜROL

Erzurum İlindeki Farklı Hydrophilidae (Coleoptera) Türlerini Kullanarak Ağır Element Kirliliğinin Değerlendirilmesi

Ali GÜROL, Ümit İNCEKARA, Zeynep AYDOĞAN

Farklı Biçim Zamanlarının YeĢil ve Mor Fesleğen (Ocimum basilicum L.) Tiplerinde bazı Verim ve Kalite Özellikleri Üzerine Etkisi

ÇİĞDEM SÖNMEZ, AYŞE ÖZGE ŞİMŞEK SOYSAL, ALİYE YILDIRIM, Fatma BERBEROĞLU, Emine BAYRAM

Determination of Physiological Traits for Growth Analysis in some Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Cultivars

Serap ŞİMŞEK, AYDIN ÜNAY

Bazı Ekmeklik Buğday (Triticum aestivum L.) Çeşitlerinde Büyüme Analizine Yönelik Fizyolojik Özelliklerin Saptanması

Aydın UNAY, Serap ŞİMŞEK

Gazal Boynuzu (Lotus corniculatus L.) Genotiplerinin Akdeniz İklim Koşullarında Verimlerinin Belirlenmesi

Hüseyin ÖZPINAR, MUSTAFA AVCI, Ali Alptekin ACAR, Serhat AKSU, Firdevs NİKSARLI İNAL, Ergül AY, İlker İNAL, Feyza Döndü GÜNDEL, Arif AKTAŞ, RÜŞTÜ HATİPOĞLU

Determination of Yield and Yield Components in Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) Cultivars under Menemen-Izmir Ecological Conditions

Celal SAYILIR, V. Mehmet ÇINAR, AYDIN ÜNAY

Ege ve Doğu Marmara Bölgesi Ayva Plantasyonlarında Ateş Yanıklığı Hastalığının Değerlendirilmesi

YEŞİM MÜGE ŞAHİN, ADALET MISIRLI, HATİCE ÖZAKTAN

Mısır Bitkisinin Demir İçeriği ve Veriminin Farklı Dozlarda Atık Su Çamuru Uygulamasına Tepkisi Üzerine Bir Ön Çalışma

Bülent OKUR, Bülent YAĞMUR, Nur OKUR, Ekrem OZLU