TÜRKİYE GÖÇ VE MÜLTECİ POLİTİKASININ DIŞ POLİTİKA EKSENİNDE DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ: 2000-2017

Makalenin amacı, 2000-2017 yılları arasında Türkiye’nin değişen göç ve mülteci politikasını dış politikanın bir izdüşümü olarak değerlendirmektir. Makalenin argümanı, Türkiye’nin göç ve mülteci politikası 2000-2011 tarihleri arasında Avrupa Birliği (AB)’ne üyelik modeline çerçevesinde dönüştüğü iken, 2011-2017 arası göç politikası/söylemindeki dönüşümüm temel hedefi Avrupa ve Ortadoğu’da siyasi manevra alanını genişletmek olmuştur. Buna ilaveten, bu dönemde Türkiye’nin dış politikada yaşadığı süreci Avrupalılaşma (Europeanization) ve Avrupa’dan uzaklaşma (de-Europeanization) olarak değerlendirir. Avrupalılaşma olarak tanımlanabilecek, 2000-2011’i kapsayan dönemde Türkiye, AB’nin ‘güvenlikçi’ sınır politikalarına bazen adapte olmuş, bazen ise AB’nin eleştirilerine rağmen ‘esnek’ göç politikasına devam etmiştir. Buradaki siyasi sürecin dinamiği, Türkiye’nin AB üyeliğine inancı doğrultusunda şekillenmiştir. 2011 yılından itibaren ise, Avrupa’dan uzaklaşma dediğimiz sürece girilmiş ve Ahmet Davutoğlu’nun Ortadoğu’da hamilik iddiası ve AB ile bozulan ilişkiler çerçevesinde göç politikası farklılaşmıştır. Sonuç olarak, AB üyeliği girişimleri, ikili ilişkilerdeki gerilimler yüzünden sekteye uğramış ve reformlar askıya alınmıştır. Suriye göçmen krizi ise, uluslararası siyasetteki dengeleri değiştirerek, AB’yi Türkiye ile yeniden işbirliği kurmaya mecbur bırakmıştır.

AN ASSESMENT OF TURKEY'S MIGRATION AND REFUGEE POLICIES AND THEIR INTERSECTION WITH FOREIGN POLICY: 2000-2017

This article examines the changes in Turkey’s migration and refugee policies in the light of evolving Turkish Foreign Policy. The main argument of the paper is that while the purpose of the immigration and refugee policies between 2000- 2011 was to motivated to comply with the EU standards to achieve the accession as quickly as possible, in the later period, between 2011-2017, Turkey instrumentally used migration/refugee policies to increase its manuvering power with respect to Europe and enhanced its leadership claims in the Middle East. Moreover, the paper approaches to the foreign policy of Turkey in this period as Europeanization and de-Europeanization. In the first period, which can be characterized as Europeanization, the EU encouraged Turkey to become more security-oriented in its border security and visa policies. Turkey sometimes tried to make the required adjustments and sometimes it resisted the EU reforms by protecting its ‘flexible’ migration regime, depending on its faith in Europe’s sincerity for Turkey’s EU membership. In the later period, with the increased influence of Ahmet Davutoğlu in Turkish Foreign Policy, de-Europeanization has affected the evolution of Turkey’s migration policy discourse. The final stroke in this period was the Syrian refugee crisis which has changed the balance of power in the international system and once again obliged Europe to engage with Turkey despite the tense relations.

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