İSRAİL SİYASETİNDE İŞÇİ PARTİSİ HEGEMONYASININ SONU VE LİKUD İLE RADİKAL DİNCİ PARTİLERİN YÜKSELİŞİ

Filistin Yahudi toplumuna 1920’lerden itibaren rehberlik etmiş bulunan Emek Hareketi, 1948’de kurulan İsrail’i otuz yıl boyunca İşçi Partisi geleneğinden gelen hükümetler üzerinden yönetmiştir. Sosyalist Siyonist İşçi Partisi geleneği, devlet ve toplumu, Doğu Avrupa’dan Filistin’e gelerek burada yeni bir Yahudi kimliği inşa etmiş bulunan seküler Aşkenaz Yahudilerin siyasal ajandaları çerçevesinde dizayn etmiştir. Ancak 1967 savaşının neticelerinin yarattığı yeni realite, o güne kadar iktidardan dışlanmış olan revizyonist harekete, İsrail’de müesses nizamı temsil eden İşçi Partisi hegemonyasını yıkma olanağı sunacak bir siyasal alan açmıştır. 1977 yılında yaşanan dönüşüm bir taraftan Likud’un teşviki ve radikal dinci partilerin gayretleriyle İsrail toplumunu muhafazakarlaştırırken, bir taraftan da siyasete ilişkin hemen her konunun bir ulusal güvenlik meselesi olarak anlaşıldığı, İsrail-Filistin meselesinin iki devletli çözümünün giderek daha imkânsız hale geldiği bir siyasal konjonktür yaratmıştır.

THE END OF LABOR PARTY'S HEGEMONY IN ISRAELI POLITICS AND THE RISE OF LIKUD AND THE RADICAL RELIGIOUS PARTIES

The Labor Movement which ruled over the Jewish community of Palestine since the 1920s, controlled Israeli governments by parties belonging to this movement culminating in the Labor Party. State and society were designed by the tradition of socialist Zionist Labor Party which actually carried the political agenda of the secular Ashkenazi Jews who created a new Jewish identity in Palestine when they moved there. However, the new reality created by the results of the 1967 War (Six-Day War), has established a proper political ground for the Revisionist Movement to overthrow the Labor Party which had in fact systematically excluded revisionists from the political sphere. On the one hand, with the encouragement of Likud and the efforts of religious Zionist parties, the transformation that took place in 1977, caused Israeli society to become more conservative; on the other hand, this transformation has created a political conjuncture that any topic regarding politics is started to be perceived as a problem of national security while two state solution is getting more and more unattainable.

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