Farkhad ALİMUKHAMEDOV, Laurent A. LAMBERT, Hisham Bin HASHIM

ETHICAL COMMITMENTS AND RAISON D’ETAT IN RENTIER STATES: ASYLUM-SEEKER POLICIES IN THE GULF COOPERATION COUNCIL AND CENTRAL ASIAN REPUBLICS DURING THE REFUGEE CRISIS

The international migrant crisis made headlines during summer 2015 and challenged the national asylum systems of many countries worldwide. Going beyond academic circles, hot debates on migrants and the role of asylum highlighted the gap and paradoxes that exist between claimed values of solidarity on the one hand, and the restrictive policies and regulations towards asylum seekers on the other hand. This paper documents this tension in oil and gas exporting states, particularly in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) and the Central Asian Republics (CAR). It questions the claimed regional, ethnic and/or religious ties and the borders that have been closed to most asylum seekers from Syria and Afghanistan, who are presently living in poorer (oil and gas deprived) neighboring countries. This paper argues that in a time of low oil revenues and fiscal difficulties, rentier states give priority to the Raison d’Etat over any form of transnational solidarity and commitment to international human rights agreements and charters. New and creative institutional arrangements are needed to deal with the global refugee crisis, as traditional solidarities are, in both regions as well as in other rentier countries, victims of the modernization of politics and its uncaring redefinition of state interest in times of low oil revenues.

RANTİYE DEVLETLERDE ETİK TAAHHÜTLER VE RAISON D’ETAT: MÜLTECİ KRİZİ SIRASINDA KÖRFEZ İŞBİRLİĞİ KONSEYİ VE ORTA ASYA CUMHURİYETLERİ’NDE SIĞINMACI POLİTİKALARI

Uluslararası göçmen krizi 2015 yılının yazında dünya basınında manşet olarak birçok ülkelerin ulusal sığınmacı sistemlerini zorladı. Göçmen ve sığınmacılara yönelik tartışmalar, akademik çevrelerin ötesine geçerek, bir taraftan dayanışma değerleri, öbür taraftan ise sığınmacılara yönelik sınırlayıcı politikalar arasındaki paradoksları ve var olan kanunlardaki açıkları sorgulamaktadır. Bu kapsamda çalışma, petrol ve gaz ihracatı yapan Körfez ve Orta Asya’daki bazı ülkelerin ortak bölgesel, etnik ve dini aidiyetlere rağmen Suriyeli ve Afganistanlı sığınmacılara yönelik sınırlayıcı politikalarını belgelemektedir. Buna göre, petrol fiyatlarının düştüğü ve mali sıkıntıların var olduğu dönemde rantiye devletler, devlet çıkarına ulus-ötesi dayanışma ve uluslararası insan haklarından daha fazla önem vermektedirler. Küresel göçmen krizi kapsamında yeni ve yapıcı kurumsal anlaşmalar gerekmektedir. Çünkü her iki bölgede ve diğer petrol ihracatı yapan ülkelerde geleneksel dayanışma, siyasi modernleşmenin ve petrol fiyatlarının düşük olduğu dönemlerde devlet çıkarının yeniden tanımlanmasının mağduriyetine uğramaktadır.

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