Cyanobacteria has a highly diversity group that consists of photosynthetic prokaryotic microorganisms. Cyanobacteria that produce lots of metabolites such as amino acids, proteins, vitamins etc. have a wide spread. In this study, the effects of different concentrations of Spirulina platensis extracts on the germination of wheat and barley seeds and root-stem length, lateral root number and fresh-dry weight were investigated. The application of S5 (100% cell extract) showed an inhibitory effect on seed germination on both wheat and barley. S2 (25% cell extract) and S4 (75% cell extract) applications had a positive effect on germination and seedling development in wheat. In barley, S2 (25% cell extract) application activated germination and seedling growth and other concentration applications did not create a positive effect. As a result; cyanobacterial extract has positive effects on seed germination and plant growth-development and it is possible to produce a commercial and ecological biostimulant by developing different extract concentrations.
___
Essa A.M.M., Ibrahim W.M., Mahmud R.M., El Kassim N.A., 2015. Potential impact of cyanobacterial exudates on seed germination and antioxidant enzymes of crop plant seedlings. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences,4 (6):1010-1024.
Gahlout M., Prajapati H., Chauahan P., Himitakumari R. ve Patel J., 2017. Isolation, Identification and Evaluation of Seed Germination Efficiency of Cyanobacterial Isolates International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI)Volume IV, Issue IV.
Grzesik M., Romanowska-Duda Z., 2014. Improvements in Germination, Growth and Metabolic Activity of Corn Seedlings by Grain Conditioning and Root Application with Cyanobacteria and Microalgae. Pol. J. Environ. Stud. 23(4):1147-1153.
Grzesık M., Romanowska-Duda Z., Kalajı H.M., 2017. Effectiveness of cyanobacteria and green algae in enhancing the photosynthetic performance and growth of willow (Salix viminalis L.) plants under limited synthetic fertilizers application. Photosynthetıca 55 (3): 510-521, doı: 10.1007/s11099-017-0716-1.
Habib M.A.B., Parvin M., Huntington T.C., Hasan M.R., 2008. A review on culture, production and use of Spirulina as food for humans and feeds for domestic animals and fish, FAO Fish. Aquac. Circ. (2008) (No. 1034).
Hernandez-Herrera R.M., Santacruz-Ruvalcaba F., Ruiz-López M.A., Norrie J., Hernández-Carmona G., 2013. Effect of liquid seaweed extracts on growth of tomato seedlings (Solanum lycopersicum L.). J Appl Phycol 26:619–628.
Ismail G.A. ve Abo-Hamad S.A., 2017. Effect of Different Anabaena variabilis (Kütz) Treatments on Some Growth Parameters and Physiological Aspects of Hordeum vulgare L. and Trigonella foenum-graecum L. Egypt. J. Bot., 57(3):507–516.
Khushwaha M., Banerjee M., 2015. A Novel Method of Seed Germination and Growth of Three Staple Crop Plants: Effect of Low Temperature and Cyanobacterial Culture Addition. J. Algal Biomass Utln. 2015, 6 (1): 26-32.
Kim N.H., Jung S.H., Kim S.H., Ahn H.J., Ong K.B., 2014. Purification of an iron-chelating peptide fromSpirulina protein hydrolysates. J Korean Soc Appl Biol Chem 57:91–95.
Kumar A. ve Kaur R. 2014. Impact of Cyanobacterial Filtrate on Seed Germination Behaviour of Wheat. International Journal of Basic and Applied Biology, 1(1):11-15.
Lisboa C.R., Pereira A.M., Costa J.A.V., 2016. Biopeptides with antioxidant activity extracted from the biomass of Spirulina sp. LEB 18. Afr J. Microbiol Res 10:79–86.
Michalak I., Chojnacka K., Dmytryk A., Wilk R., Gramza M., Rój E. 2016. Evaluation of Supercritical Extracts of Algae as Biostimulants of Plant Growth in Field Trials. Front. Plant Sci. 7:1591. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01591.
Mógor Á.F., Ördög V., Lima G.P.P., Molnár Z. ve Mógor G., 2017. Biostimulant properties of cyanobacterial hydrolysate related to polyamines. J Appl Phycol., DOI 10.1007/s10811-017-1242-z.
Muñoz-Rojas M., Chilton A., Liyanage G.S., Erickson T.E., Merritt D.J., Neilan B.A., Ooi M.K.J., 2018. Effects of indigenous soil cyanobacteria on seed germination and seedling growth of arid species used in restoration. Plant Soil 429:91–100, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104- 018-3607-8.
Olguín E.J., Galicia S., Camacho R., Mercado G., Peŕez T., 1997. Production of Spirulina sp. in sea water supplemented with anaerobic effluents in outdoor raceways under temperate climatic conditions. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 48:242–247.
Özdemir S., Sukatar A. ve Öztekin G.B., 2015. Chlorella vulgaris Üretimi ve Sera Organik Domates Yetiştiriciliğinde Biyogübre Olarak Kullanımının Etkileri. Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 22:596-605.
Shariatmadari Z., Riahi H., Abdi M., Hashtroudi M.S. ve Ghassempour A.R., 2015. Impact of cyanobacterial extracts on the growth and oil content of the medicinal plant Mentha piperita L. J Appl Phycol, DOI 10.1007/s10811-014-0512-2.
Sharıatmadarı Z., Rıahı H., Seyed Hashtroudı M., Ghassempour A.R. ve Aghasharıatmadary Z., 2013. Plant growth promoting cyanobacteria and their distribution in terrestrial habitats of Iran. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 59:535–547.
Win T.T., Barone G.D., Secundo F. ve Fu P., 2018. Algal Biofertilizers and Plant Growth Stimulants for Sustainable Agriculture. Industrıal Bıotechnology, doı: 10.1089/ind.2018.0010.
Zhang B., Zhang X., 2013. Separation and nanoencapsulation of antitumor polypeptide from Arthrospira platensis. Biotechnol Prog 29:1230–1238.