Turunçgillerde vegetatif özelliklerin kalıtımı: Üç farklı $F_1$ populasyonunda çöğür gelişimi kendileme depresyonu

Turunçgillerde yetiştiriciliği yapılan çeşitler genel olarak biyotik ve abiyotik stres koşullarına hassastır. Çöğür gelişimi ve meyve kalitesi gibi önemli karakterlerin kalıtım mekanizması tam olarak bilinmemektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı çöğür gelişimi ile kalıtım mekanizması ve melez populasyonlarda görülen kendileme depresyonunu incelemektir. Çalışmada Clementine mandarini ana olarak kullanılmak üzere Minneola. Orlando tanjeloları ile Kara mandarini polen kaynağı olarak kullanılmasıyla elde edilen üç farklı populasyon üzerinde yürütülmüştür. Çöğür gelişimi Mersin'de bulunan Alata Bahçe Kültürleri Araştırma Enstitüsü arazilerinde iki populasyon yarı kontrollü sera koşullarında bir populasyon ise açık arazi koşullarında incelenmiştir. Çöğür gelişimi açısından her üç populasyon da devamlı varyasyon göstermiştir ki bu çok gen tarafından kontrol edildiğini göstermektedir. Her üç populasyonda da zayıf gelişen veya tamamen kuruyan bitki sayıları normal gelişme gösteren bitkilere oranla yüksek bulunmuştur. Kayma değerleri (skewness) sırasıyla 0.25, 0.38 ve 1.0 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Turunçgillerde zayıf gelişen veya hiç gelişme göstermeyen bitkilerin çokluğu kendileme depresyonu nedeniyle oluşabilir. Bu çalışma turunçgillerde melezleme programlarında yakın akrabalar arası melezlemelerde kendileme depresyonunun önemli kayıplara sebep olabileceğini ortaya çıkarmıştır.

Inheritance of vegetative characteristics in citrus: Seeding development and inbreeding depression in three different $F_1$ populations

Cultivated Citrus cultivars, in general, are susceptible to biotic and abiotic stress factors. Genetic mechanisms of important traits such as seedling development and fruit quality are largely unknown. The objective of this study was to investigate mechanism of inheritance of seedling development and inbreeding depression based on three $F_1$ populations. The three populations derived from Clementine, as a maternal parent, and two tangelos, Minneola and Orlando, and Kara mandarin as pollen parents were investigated under semi-controlled greenhouse and field condition at Alata Horticultural Research Institute, Mersin. All three $F_1$ population showed continuous variation, which suggests quantitative control for seedling development. In addition, ratios of weak seedlings or non-surviving plants were found to be high relative to normally developing $F_1$ plants. Skewness was observed in all three populations, 0.25, 0.38, and 1.0, respectively. High ratio of weak plants or non-surviving plants may be caused by inbreeding depression, in Citrus. This study may conclude that inbreeding depression may cause significant weak seedling development or complete seedling losses in Citrus breeding programs involving close relatives.

___

  • Allard, R.W., 1999. Inheritance of Continuously Varying Characters: Biometrical Genetics. In: Principles of Plant Breeding. John Wiley and Sons,Inc., New York, USA. pp.95-115.
  • Anonim, 2004. www.fao.org.
  • Barrett, H.C., Rhodes, A.M., 1976. A Numerical Taxonomic Study of Affinity Relationships in Cultivated Citrus and Its Close Relatives. Sys. Bot. 1:105-136.
  • Chung, J., Babka, H.L., Greaf, G.L., Staswick, P.E., Lee, D.J., Creagan, P.B., Shoemaker, R.C., Specht, J.E., 2003. The Seed Protein, Oil, Yield QTL on Soybean Linkage Group 1. Crop Science 43: 1053-1067.
  • Cristofani, M.A., Machado, V.M., Novelli, A.A., de Souza, M.L., Targon, P.N., 2000. Construction of Linkage Maps of Poncirus trifoliate and Citrus sunki Based on Microsatellite Markers. Proc. Int. Citricult. IX Congr. p. 175-178.
  • Dalkılıç, Z., 1999. Identification and Mapping of Genes for Alternaria and Phytopthora Disease Resistance in Citrus Hybrids. Univ. Florida. Ph.D. dissertation.
  • Fang, D.Q., Federici, C.T., Roose, M.L., 1997. Development of Molecular Markers Linked to a Gene Controlling Fruit Acidity in Citrus. Genome 40: 841-849.
  • Fang, D.Q., Roose, M.L. 1997. Identification of Closely Related Citrus Cultivars with Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat Markers. Theor. Appl. Genet. 95:408-417.
  • Federici, C.T., Fang,D.Q., Scora,R.W., Roose, M.L., 1998. Phylogenetic Relationships within the Genus Citrus (Rutaceae) and Related Genera as Revealed by RFLP and RAPD Analysis. Theor. App. Genet. 96:812-822.
  • Fehr, W.R., 1993. Heterosis. In: Principles of Cultivar Development: Theory and Technique. Vol. 1. MacGraw-Hill, Inc., New York.
  • Frost, H.B., 1943. Genetics and Breeding. In: The Citrus Industry (H. J. Webber and L. D Batchelor (eds.). Vol. 1. P.p. 817-913. Univ. California Press, Berkeley.
  • Garcia, R., Asins, M. J., Carbonell, E.A., 2000. QTL Analysis of Yield and Seed Number in Citrus. Theor. Appl. Genet. 101:487-493.
  • Garcia, R., Asins, M.J., Former, J., Carbonell, E.A., 1999. Genetic Analysis of Apomixis in Citrus and Poncirus by Molecular Markers. Theor Appl. Genet. 99:511-518.
  • Gülşen, O., Roose, M.L., 2001. Lemons: Diversity and Relationships with Selected Citrus Genotypes as Measured with Nuclear Genome Markers. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 126: 309- 317.
  • Gülşen, 0., 2000. Turunçgiller ve Taksonomik Problemleri. Derim. 17: 98-104.
  • Kubisiak, T.L., Nelson, CD., Nance, W.L., Stine, M., 1995. RAPD Linkage Mapping in a Longleaf Pine x Slash Pine F, Family. Theor. Appl. Genet. 90: 1110-1127
  • Nicolosi, E., Deng, Z.N., Gentile, A., La Malfa, S., Continella, G., Tribulato, E., 2000. Citrus Phylogeny and Genetic Origin of Important Species as Investigated by Molecular Markers. Theor. Appl. Genet. 100: 1155-1166.
  • Panda, N., Khush, G.S., 1994. Factors Affecting Expression of Resistance. In: Host Plant Resistance. Intl. Rice Res. Inst., Manila, Philippines, pp.207-231.
  • Richmond, T.A., Somerville, C.R., 2001. Integrative Approaches to Determining Csl Function. Plant Mol. Biol 47:131-143.
  • Roose, M.L., 2000. Linkage Mapping and Marker-Assisted Selection in Citrus. In: Proc. Int. Soc. Citriculture. IX Cong. pp. 69-70.
  • Scora, R.W., 1975. On the History and Origin of Citrus. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 102:369-375.
  • Soost, R.K., Roose, M.L., 1996. Citrus. In: Fruit Breeding. Vol. I. J. Janick ve J. N. Moore, (eds.)pp. 256-323.
  • Tozlu, I., Guy, C.L., Moore, G.A., 1999a. QTL Analysis of Na+ and CI" Accumulation Related Traits in an Intergeneric BC1 Progeny of Citrus and Poncirus under Saline and Non-Saline Environments. Genome 42:692-705.
  • Tozlu, I., Guy, C.L., Moore, G.A., 1999b. QTL Analysis of Morphological Traits in an Intergeneric BC1 Progeny of Citrus and Poncirus under Saline and Non-Saline Environments. Genome 42:1020-1029.
  • Tuzcu, Ö., 2003. Ders Notlan. Çukurova Üniversitesi. Zir. Fak. Bahçe Bitkileri Böl. Adana.
  • Webber, H.J. (revised by Reuther, W and Lawton, HW), 1967. History and Development of the Citrus Industry. In W. Reuther, H.J. Webber, L.D. Batchelor (eds), The Citrus Industry, Vol. 1, Rev. Eds. Berkeley, CA, pp. 1-39.