Bazı Soğan (Allium cepa L.) Islah Hatlarına ait Tohumların Farklı Tuz Konsantrasyonlarında Çimlenme Özelliklerinin in vitro Koşullarda Belirlenmesi

Tuzluluk günümüzde tarımsal üretimde verim kaybına yol açan abiyotik stres etmenlerinden biridir. İklim değişikliğinin de etkisiyle artan bu zararı azaltmanın yollarından biri de, tuz stresine toleransı yüksek bitkilerin seçilmesi ve tarıma kazandırılmasıdır. Türkiye’nin hemen her yerinde yetiştiriciliği yapılan soğan (Allium cepa L.) sebzesi ile yapılan tuz stresi çalışmaları dikkat çekecek ölçüde azdır. Bu çalışma kapsamında Dr. Öğr. Üye. Ali Fuat Gökçe tarafından uzun yıllar süren ıslah çalışmaları kapsamında geliştirilen 2 adet kısa (K52 ve K58) ve 4 adet uzun gün (U12, U16, U47 ve U49) soğan ıslah hattı kullanılmıştır. Islah hatlarına ait tohumlar, farklı tuz konsantrasyonlarını (0 mM, 50 mM, 100 mM, 150 mM, 200 mM ve 250 mM) içeren besi ortamında in vitro koşullarda, tuz konsantrasyonunun çimlenme özelliklerine olan etkisi değerlendirilmiştir. Tuz konsantrasyonundaki artış tüm hatlarda çimlenme oranı, ortalama çimlenme süresi, çimlenme indeksi ve tolerans oranının azalmasına yol açmıştır. En düşük çimlenme oranı, ortalama çimlenme süresi, çimlenme indeksi ve tolerans oranı en yüksek tuz konsantrasyonu olan 250 mM'da gerçekleşmiştir. İncelenen çimlenme parametreleri açısından, 250 mM tuz içeren besi ortamında en iyi sonuçların K58 (kısa gün) ve U16 (uzun gün) soğan genotiplerine ait tohumlardan elde edildiği ortaya çıkmıştır. Sonuç olarak, bu hatlar tuza toleransları yüksek hatlar olarak tarımsal üretime dahil edilebilecekleri gibi, tuza toleransı yüksek ve farklı karakterlere sahip soğan ıslah hatlarını geliştirme amaçlı ıslah programlarında da kullanılabilme potansiyeline sahip olduğu anlaşılmıştır.

Determination of Germination Characteristic of Seeds of Some Onion (Allium cepa L.) Breeding Lines under in vitro Conditions with Different Salt Concentration

Salinity is one of the major abiotic stress factors that cause yield loss in agricultural production. Salinity stress is becoming more pronounced with the climate change and one of the ways to decrease the yield loss due to salt stress is to select plants with higher salt stress tolerance for future food security in Turkey, In the literature data regarding salt stress studies of Allium cepa L. is limited. In this study, 2 short-day (K52 and K58) and 4 long-day (U12, U16, U47 and U49) onion breeding lines developed by Dr. Ali Fuat GÖKÇE within the scope of long term breeding studies were investigated in terms of germination characteristic under in vitro conditions containing varying salt concentrations (0 mM, 50 mM, 100 mM, 150 mM, 200 mM and 250 mM). Results reported that increase in salt concentration led to a decrease in the germination percentage, mean germination time, germination index and tolerance ratio in all onion breeding lines. The lowest mean values related with germination parameters were observed with the 250 mM salt concentration. The best mean values in terms of germination parameters under in vitro conditions media containing 250 mM salt was determined in the lines K58 (short day) and U16 (long day). As a result, these lines can be included in agricultural production as onion genotypes with high salt tolerance, and they have a potential to be included in breeding programs aimed at developing onion tolerant varieties with high salt tolerance.

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