İlayda ÜNSAL, Sevgi KAŞ, Muharrem TÜRKKAN

Soğanlarda dip çürüklüğüne neden olan Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepae’nın büyüme ve gelişmesi üzerine bazı kalsiyum tuzlarının etkisi

Öz Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepae’nın neden olduğu Fusarium dip çürümesi dünya çapında ekonomik öneme sahip en önemli hasat öncesi ve sonrası hastalıklardan biridir. Fusarium dip çürüklüğünün kontrolünde dayanıklı soğan çeşitleri, ürün rotasyonu, solarizasyon, sanitasyon, biyolojik kontrol ve fungisit uygulamaları (tohum ve fide) önerilmektedir. Bununla birlikte, benomyl, carbendazim ve vinclozolin gibi bazı fungisitler hastalığın kontrolünde etkilidir, ancak yakın zamanda kanserojen etkileri nedeniyle yasaklanmıştır. Bu nedenle, hastalığın kontrolü için alternatif yöntemlere ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. In vitro çalışmalar, kalsiyum propionatın % 0.1 (% 19.75) ve % 0.25 (% 41.44) kadar düşük konsantrasyonlarda F. oxysporum f. sp. cepae'nın misel gelişimini kalsiyum asetat, hidroksit, klorit, laktat, oksit ve sitrattan daha fazla azalttığını ve ayrıca ilk tuz ile ikinci grup tuzların etkilerinin arasındaki farkın istatistiksel olarak önemli olduğunu göstermiştir (P<0.05). Bununla birlikte, % 1'lik kalsiyum hidroksit ve oksit konsantrasyonu fungus misel gelişimini tamamen engellerken, kalsiyum propionat % 2'lik bir konsantrasyonda bile misel gelişimini % 72.72'ye kadar azaltmıştır. Kalsiyum hidroksit ve oksit hariç, diğer beş tuzun spor çimlenmesi üzerinde olumsuz bir etkisi olmamıştır. Test edilen kalsiyum tuzları arasında, kalsiyum hidroksitin fungusa karşı en büyük toksisiteye sahip olduğu ve onu kalsiyum oksit ve kalsiyum propionatın takip ettiği bulunmuştur. İn vivo çalışmalar, koruyucu uygulamada kalsiyum propionatın, patojen ile inokule edilmiş kontrole kıyasla Fusarium dip çürümesinin şiddetini önemli ölçüde azalttığını göstermiştir (P<0.05). Bu çalışmadan elde edilen sonuçlar, kalsiyum propionatın, soğanlarda Fusarium dip çürüklüğünün kontrolünde kullanılabileceğini göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Soğan, Fusarium dip çürüklüğü, kalsiyum tuzları, alternatif kontrol

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