ULUSLARARASI İLİŞKİLERDE ÇEVREYİ MERKEZE TAŞIMAK: TEMEL YAKLAŞIMLAR VE TARTIŞMALAR

Bu çalışma Uluslararası İlişkiler’de (Uİ) çevrenin neden disiplinin periferisinde yer aldığını “sorun çözücü ve eleştirel” yaklaşımlar ayrımı üzerinden sorgulamaktadır. Disiplindeki sorun çözücü yaklaşımlar, çevreyi sadece bir “sorun” olması durumunda dikkate alan ve mevcut küresel sistem içinde çözümler arayan yaklaşımlardır. Eleştirel yaklaşımlarsa çevre sorunlarının ötesinde daha “iyi” bir dünya yaratmak için sürdürülebilir bir sistem oluşturma amacını taşıyan; bu yüzden sistemin yeniden yapılandırılması gerektiğini ileri sürerek ulusal ve uluslararası politik, ekonomik ve toplumsal düzeni sorgulayan yaklaşımlardır. Bu bağlamda öncelikle “çevresel güvenlik” ve “liberal kurumsalcılık” yaklaşımları incelenmiş, ardından “Ortak Malların Trajedisi” başlığı altında eko-otoriteryenlerin görüşlerine değinilmiştir. Eleştirel yaklaşımlar kısmında “çevre-merkezcilik”, “ekolojik modernleşme” ve “merkezsizleşme” yaklaşımları tartışılmıştır. Sonuç bölümündeyse çevrenin Uİ’de merkezi bir konuma gelememesinin nedenlerine yönelik tespitlere yer verilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Çevresel Güvenlik, Eko-Otoriteryanizm, Çevre-Merkezcilik, Ekolojik Modernleşme, Merkezsizleşme

Placing Environment at the Center of International Relations: The Fundamental Approaches, and the Debates

This study aims to bring light the reasons of peripherical place of environment in the discipline by analyzing the views of various theoretical approaches in International Relations. The study is divided into two parts as problem-solving and critical approaches. Problem-solving approaches are the ones considering environment in case there is only a problem and searching for solutions in the existing global system. Critical approaches, beyond environmental problems, are the ones, which possess aim to form a sustainable system and, because of this, putting forward that the system should be restructured, which question the national and international political, economic and social order. In this context, first of all, approaches of “environmental security” and “liberal institutionalism” are examined. After that, under the title of “Tragedy of Commons”, the perspectives of eco-authoritarians are referred to. In the part of critical approaches, “eco-centrism”, “ecological modernization” and “decentralization” are discussed. In the conclusion part, it is put forward the factors that why the environmental issues couldn’t be placed at the center of the discipline.

Keywords:

Environment Environmental Security, Eco-Authoritarianism, Eco-Centrism, Ecological Modernization, Decentralization,

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