BABA KATILIMI ÖLÇÜMÜNDE YORUMSAMACI YAKLAŞIMIN YERİ

Çocuk ile kurulan biyolojik bir bağ neticesinde ortaya çıkan bir rol olarak kavramsallaştırılan babalık bu bağlama sıkıştırılamayacak kadar pek çok farklı ve karmaşık ögeyi içinde barındırmaktadır. Toplumsal, kültürel, tarihsel, ırksal, etnik gibi pek çok alanda farklı formları olan bu olgunun biyolojik bir bağdan çok sosyal bir inşa sürecinin neticesi olması daha anlamlı durmaktadır. Babalık olgusuna dair kavramsal tanımlamaların doğru olarak yapılması bu olgunun keşfedilmesine ve ona ait kavramların ölçümlenmesine imkân sağlayacaktır. Bu çalışmada babalık olgusu ve ona ait alt kavramların kavramsal düzeyde tanımlamaları ele alınmış ve bu olgunun pratik yaşamdaki yansıması olarak gösterilen babalık katılımının ölçümüne dair yaklaşımlar ele alınarak tartışılmıştır. Daha fazla katılım kavramı pek çok çalışmada farklı kavramsal yaklaşımlara karşılık gelmekle birlikte babalık katılımı en çok annelik katılımı ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Babalık rolünün içinde bulunduğu bağlamın annelik rolünden farklı olması bu iki rolün karşılaştırılmasının yanlışlığını da beraberinde getirmektedir. Babalık katılımında yapılan ölçüm ve değerlendirmelerin pozitivist gelenek merkeze alınarak yapılmakta olduğu sonuçlarına ulaşılmış olup babalık davranışlarının niteliksel bağlamda tartışılmasının gerekliliği bu alanda yapılan tartışmalarda yerini almıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

BABALIK, BABA KATILIMI, BABALIK KÜLTÜRÜ, YORUMSAMACI YAKLAŞIM

PLACE OF HERMENEUTIC APPROACH IN MEASUREMENT OF FATHER INVOLVEMENT

Conceptualized as a role resulting from a biological bond with the child, paternity contains many different and complex elements that cannot be compressed. It is more meaningful that this phenomenon, which has different forms in many fields such as social, cultural, historical, racial and ethnic, is the result of a social construction process rather than a biological bond. Accurate definitions of the concept of paternity will allow the discovery of this phenomenon and the measurement of its concepts. In this study, the conceptual definitions of paternity phenomenon and its sub-concepts are discussed and the approaches about the measurement of paternity involvement which are shown as the reflection of this phenomenon in practical life are discussed. Although the concept of more involvement corresponds to different conceptual approaches in many studies, paternity involvement is most often compared to motherhood involvement. The fact that the context in which the role of paternity is different from the role of motherhood brings with it the mistake of comparing these two roles. It has been concluded that the measurements and evaluations made in the involvement of paternity are made by taking the positivist tradition as the center and the necessity to discuss the paternity behaviors in a qualitative context has taken its place in the discussions in this field.

PDF

___

Allen, S. and Daly, K. (2007). The Effects of Father Involvement: An Updated Research Summary of The Evidence. University of Guelph: Centre for Families, Work and Well-Being.
Baxter, J. A. (2012). “Fathering Across Families: How Father Involvement Varies For Children When Their Father Has Children Living Elsewhere”. Journal of Family Studies.18(2-3), pp.187–201. DOI: 10.5172/jfs.2012.18.2-3.187
Biller, H. B. and Kimpton, J. L. (1997). The Father and The School-Aged Child. (Ed. M. E. Lamb). In The Role Of The Father In Child Development. New York: Wiley. pp.143–161.
Blair, S. L. and Hardesty, C. (1994). “Paternal Involvement and The Well- Being of Fathers and Mothers of Young Children”. Journal of Men‟s Studies.3(1). pp.49–68. DOI: 10.1177/106082659400300103
Cabrera, N. J., Shannon, J. D. and Tamis-Le Monda, C. (2007). “Fathers Influence on Their Children‟s Cognitive and Emotional Development: From Toddlers to Pre-K”. Applied Development Science.11(4). pp.208-213. DOI: 10.1080/10888690701762100
Cabrera, N., Tamis-LeMonda, C. S., Bradley, R. H., Hofferth, S. and Lamb, M. E. (2000). “Fatherhood in The 21st Century. Child Development”. Child Development.71(1). pp.127–136. DOI: 10.1111/1467- 8624.00126
Carlson, M. (2006). “Family Structure, Father Involvement, and Adolescent Behavioral Outcomes”. Journal of Marriage and Family.68(1). pp.137–154. DOI: 10.1111/j.1741-3737.2006.00239.x.
Clarke-Stewart, K. A. (1978). “And Daddy Makes Three: The Father‟s Impact on Mother and Young Child”. Child Development.49(2). pp.466–478. DOI: 10.2307/1128712
Cohen, T. F. and Dolgin, K. G. (1997). Both Sides Now: A Two- Generational Assessment of Emotional and Psychological Dimensions of Father Involvement. Arlington, VA: Paper presented at the National Council on Family Relations.
Coltrane, S., Melzer, S.A., Vega, E. and Parke, R. (2005). Mexican American Fathering in Neighboorhood Context. (Eds. W. Marsiglio, K. Roy and G. L. Fox). In Situated Fathering: A Focus on Physical and Social Spaces. NY: Rowman, Littlefield Publishers. pp.277-298.
Daly, K. (1993). “Reshaping Fatherhood: Finding the Models”. Journal of Family Issues.14(4). pp.510-530. DOI: 10.1177/019251393014004003
Day, R. D. and Mackey, W. C. (1986). “The Role Image of The American Father”. Journal of Comparative Family Studies.17(3). pp.371-388.
Doherty, W. J., Kouneski, E. F.and Erickson, M. F. (1998). “Responsible Fathering: An Overview and Conceptual Framework”. Journal of Marriage and The Family.60(2). pp.277–292. DOI: 10.2307/353848
Dollahite, D. C., Hawkins, A. J. and Brotherson, S. E. (1997). Fatherwork: A Conceptual Ethic of Fathering As Generative Work. (Eds. A. J. Hawkins and D. Dollahite). In Generative Fathering: Beyond Deficit Perspectives. pp.17–35. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Easterbrooks, A. and Goldberg, W. (1984). “Toddler Development In The Family: Impact Of Father Involvement And Parenting Characteristics”. Child Development. 55(3). pp. 740-752. DOI: 10.2307/1130126
Field, T. (1978). “Interaction Behaviors of Primary Versus Secondary Caretaker Fathers”. Developmental Psychology.14(2). pp.183–184. DOI: 10.1037/0012-1649.14.2.183
Haas, L. (1993). “Nurturing Fathers and Working Mothers: Changing Gender Roles in Sweden”. (Ed. J C. Hood). In Men, Work and Family. Newbury Park, CA: Sage. pp. 238–261.
Hofferth, S. (2003). “Race/Ethnic Differences in Father Involvement in Two-Parent Families: Culture, Context, Or Economy?”. Journal of Family Issues, 24(2), pp.185–216. DOI: 10.1177/0192513X02250087
Ihinger-Tallman, M., Pasley, K. and Buehler, C. (1993). “Developing a Middle-Range Theory of Father Involvement Postdivorce”. Journal of Family Issues.14(4). pp.550–571. DOI: 10.1177/019251393014004005
Juster, F. T. (1985). A Note on Recent Changes in Time Use. (Eds. F. T. Juster and F. Stafford). Time, Goods, and Well-Being. Ann Arbor, MI: Institute for Social Research. pp. 313-332.
Lamb, M. (2000). “The History of Research on Father Involvement”. Marriage and Family Review.29(2-3). pp.23-42. DOI: 10.1300/J002v29n02_03.
Lamb, M. (2010). How Do Fathers Influence Children‟s Development? Let Me Count the Ways. (Ed. M. Lamb). In The Role of the Father in Child Development. NJ: John Wiley and Sons, Inc. pp.1-26.
Lamb, M., Pleck, J., Charnov, E., Levine and J. (1985). “Paternal Behaviour In Humans”. American Zoologist.25(3). pp.883-894. DOI: 10.1093/icb/25.3.883.
Lieberman, M., Doyle, A. and Markiewicz, D. (1999). “Developmental Patterns In Security Of Attachment To Mother And Father In Late Childhood And Early Adolescence: Associations With Peer Relations”. Child Development.70(1). pp.202-213. DOI: 10.1111/1467-8624.00015
MacDonald, K. and Parke, R. D. (1986). “Parent–Child Physical Play: The Effects of Sex and Age of Children and Parents”. Sex Roles.7–8. pp.367–379. DOI: 10.1007/BF00287978
Magnusson, D. and Cairns, R. B. (1996). Developmental Science: Toward a Unified Framework. (Eds. R. B. Cairns, G. H. Elder and E. J. Costello). In Developmental Science. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 1–22.
McBride, B. A. (1990). “The Effects of a Parent Education/Play Group Program on Father Involvement in Child Rearing”. Family Relations.39(3). pp.250–256. DOI: 10.1177/1049731507309828.
McKeown, K., Ferguson, H. and Rooney, D. (1998). Changing Fathers?. Ireland: Collins Press.
Marsiglio, W. (1991). “Paternal Engagement Activities With Minor Children”. Journal of Marriage and the Family.53(4). pp.973–986. DOI: 10.2307/353001
Marsiglio, W., Amato, P., Day, R. and Lamb, M. (2000) “Scholarship on Fatherhood in the 1990s and Beyond”. Journal Of Marriage And Family.62(4). pp.1173-1191.
Meah, A. and Jackson, P. (2016). “The Complex Landscape of Contemporary Fathering in the UK”. Social and Cultural Geography.17(4). pp.491-510. DOI: 10.1080/14649365.2015.1089586
Minton, C. and Pasley, K. (1996). “Fathers‟ Parenting Role Identity and Father Involvement: A Comparison of Nondivorced and Divorced Nonresident Fathers”. Journal of Family Issues.17(1). pp.26–45. DOI: 10.1177/019251396017001003
Nash, S. C. and Feldman, S. S. (1981). Sex Role and Sex-Related Attributions: Constancy and Change Across the Family Life Cycle. (Eds. M. E. Lamb and A. L. Brown). In Advances in Developmental Psychology. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. pp. 1–35.
Palkovitz, R. (1980). Predictors of Involvement in First-Time Fathers. Dissertation Abstracts International, 40, 3603B-3604B. (University Microforms No. 8105035).
Palkovitz, R. (1996). “Parenting as a Generator of Adult Development: Conceptual Issues and Implications”. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships.13(4). pp.571–592. DOI: 10.1177/0265407596134006
Palkovitz, R. (1997). Reconstructing “involvement”: Expanding conceptualizations of men‟s caring in contemporary families. In A. J. Hawkins & D. C. Dollahite (Eds.), Generative fathering: Beyond deficit perspectives (pp. 200–216). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Palkovitz, R. (2002). Involved Fathering and Child Development: Advancing Our Understanding of Good Fathering. (Eds. , C. S. Tamis-LeMonda and N. Cabrera). In Handbook of Father Involvement: Multidisciplinary Perspectives. NJ, London: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers. pp.119-140.
Parke, R. D. (2000). “Father Involvement: A Developmental Perspective”. Marriage and Family Review.29(2-3). pp.43–58. DOI: 10.1300/J002v29n02_04
Parke, R. D. and Brott, A. A. (1999). Throwaway Dads: The Myths and Barriers That Keep Men From Being the Fathers They Want to Be. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company.
Parke, R., McDowell, D., Kim, M., Killian, C., Dennis, J., Flyr, M. and Wild, M. (2004). Fathers‟ Contributions to Children‟s Peer Relationships. R. Day and M. E. Lamb (Eds.). In Conceptualizing and Measuring Paternal Involvement. Mahway, NJ: Erlbaum. pp.141–168.
Pedersen, F. A., Rubenstein, J. L. and Yarrow, L. J. (1979). “Infant Development in Father-Absent Families”. Journal of Genetic Psychology.135(1). pp.51–61. DOI: 10.1080/00221325.1979.10533416
Plantin, L., Mansson, s. V. and Kearney, J. (2003). “Talking and Doing Fatherhood: On Fatherhood and Masculinity in Sweden and England”. Fathering: A Journal of Theory, Research, and Practice about Men as Fathers.1(1). pp.3–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3149/fth.0101.3
Pleck, J. H. (2010) “Paternal Involvement”. The Role of the Father in Child Development. (Ed. M. E. Lamb). In The Role of The Father in Child Development. pp.58-93
Pleck, J. H. (2012). “Integrating Father Involvement in Parenting Research”. Parenting.12(2-3). pp.243-253. DOI: 10.1080/15295192.2012.683365
Pleck, J. H. and Hofferth, S. (2008). “Mother Involvement as an Influence on Father Involvement With Early Adolescents”. Fathering.6(3). pp.267–286. DOI: 10.3149/fth.0603.267
Radin, N. (1994). Primary-Caregiving Fathers in Intact Families. (Eds. A. E. Gottfried and A. W. Gottfied). In Redefining Families: Implications for Children’s Development. Boston: Springer. pp.11-54.
Rossi, A. S. (1984). “Gender and Parenthood”. American Sociological Review.49(1). pp.1-19. DOI: 10.2307/2095554
Tamis-LeMonda, C. and Cabrera, N. (1999). “Perspectives on Father Involvement: Research and Policy”. Social Policy Report. Society for Research in Child Development.13(2). pp.1–26.
Tamis-LeMonda, C. S. and Cabrera, N. (2002). Cross-Disciplinary Challenges to the Study of Father Involvement. (Eds. C.S. Tamis- LeMonda and N. Cabrera). In Handbook Of Father Involvement: Multidisciplinary Perspectives. NJ, London: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers. pp.599-620.
Tanfer, K. and Mott, F., “Meaning of Fatherhood For Men”. Report to the NICHD Workshop on Improving Data on Male Fertility and Family Formation, The Urban Institute, Washington D.C., 16-17 January, 1997.
Verschueren, K. and Marcoen, A. (1999). “Representation of Self and Socioemotional Competence in Kindergartners: Differential and Combined Effects of Attachment to Mother and to Father”. Child Development. 70(1). pp.183-201. DOI: 10.1080/03004430214550
Walzer, S. (1996). “Thinking About the Baby: Gender and Divisions of Infant Care”. Social Problems.43(2). pp.219–234. DOI: 10.2307/3096999.
Williams, S. (2003). “What is Fatherhood?: Searching for the Reflexive Father”, Sociology, 42(3), pp.487-502.