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Amazon Nehri Havzası’nda Sürdürülebilir Sosyoekonomik Kalkınmayı Tehdit Eden Unsurlar

Bu araştırmanın amacı, drenaj alanı ve deşarj bakımından dünyanın en büyük akarsuyu olan, Amazon Nehri Havzası’nda sürdürülebilir sosyoekonomik kalkınmayı tehdit eden unsurların neler olduğunu belirlemektir. Araştırma kapsamında literatür taraması yapılarak konuyla ilgili veriler temin edilmiştir. Metin analizi yöntemiyle gözden geçirilen bu verilerden şu sonuçlara ulaşılmıştır: Brezilya başta olmak üzere Amazon ülkeleri, ilgili havzada çevresel açıdan büyük riskler taşıyan, devasa hidroelektrik santralleri (HES), tarım projeleri ve madencilik faaliyetlerini yapmış ve yapmak istemektedir. Bu kalkınma stratejisi aynı şekilde devam ettiği takdirde, dünyanın akciğerleri olarak nitelendirilen, Amazon Yağmur Ormanları’nın önemli bir kısmı yarım yüzyıl içinde yok olabilir. Ayrıca havzada hem çok sayıda hem de büyük ölçekte yapılan barajlar, ormanlık alanları sular altında bırakarak buraları hem metan gazı üreten ve hem de salan yerler haline getirmektedir. Bunların bir sonucu olarak havzada, doğanın ikazı mahiyetinde, birtakım olumsuz olaylar meydana gelmeye başlamıştır. Çok geç olmadan bu uyarılar dikkate alınmazsa, havzada yaşayanlar verilen tahribatın zararlı sonuçlarına afetler yoluyla daha belirgin bir şekilde maruz kalmaya başlayacaktır. Afetlerin ekonomiye vereceği zarar da havzadaki kalkınmayı olumsuz bir şekilde etkileyecektir. Bu nedenle havza ülkelerinin, sürdürülebilir bir sosyoekonomik büyüme için, çok geç olmadan kalkınma stratejilerini bir kez daha gözden geçirmeleri faydalı olacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Amazon Nehri Havzası, Amazon Yağmur Ormanları, Sürdürülebilir Sosyoekonomik Kalkınma, Küresel Isınma, Havza Yönetim Planı, Güney Amerika

Factors Threatening Sustainable Socioeconomic Development in the Amazon River Basin

The aim of this research is to determine the factors that threaten sustainable socioeconomic development in the Amazon River Basin, the world's largest river in terms of drainage area and discharge. Within the scope of the research, the literature was scanned and data on the subject were obtained. From these data reviewed by the text analysis method, the following conclusions were reached: Amazon countries, especially Brazil, have done and want to do huge hydroelectric power plants (HEPP), agricultural projects and mining activities that carry enormous environmental risks in the relevant basin. If this development strategy continues in the same way, a significant part of the Amazon Rainforest, which is described as the lungs of the world, could disappear in half a century. In addition, dams constructed both in numerous of and large scale in the basin leave the forested areas under water and make them both methane gas producing and releasing places. As a result of these, some negative events have started to occur in the basin as a warning of nature. If these warnings are not taken into consideration before it is too late, the inhabitants of the basin will begin to be exposed to the harmful consequences of the destruction more clearly through disasters. The damage of the disasters to the economy will also negatively affect development in the basin. Therefore, it would be beneficial for the basin countries to review their development strategies once again before it is too late for a sustainable socioeconomic growth.

Keywords:

Amazon River Basin, The Amazon Rainforest, Sustainable Socioeconomic Development, Global Warming, Basin Management Plan, South America,

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