Two Church Bells from Antalya: Traces of the Religious Soundscape of the Late Ottoman Period

This article examines two church bells found in Antalya. One hangs at the top of the Antalya clock tower while the other is on display at the Antalya Toy Museum. These two artefacts, which have not received any serious scholarly attention, were surely employed in Orthodox churches until 1923, when the population exchange between Turkey and Greece led to the conversion or demolition of most churches in the city. The two instruments are first described and then contextualized in the period that witnessed their use - the very end of the Late Ottoman period.

___

  • Acun, H. 1994. Anadolu Saat Kuleleri. Ankara: Atatürk Kültür Merkezi.
  • Akyürek, E. 2015. “Myra, The City of St Nicholas.” In En Orient et en Occident le cults de saint Nicolas en Europe (Xe-XXIe siècle). Actes du colloque de Lunéville et Saint-Nicolas-de-Port, 5-7 décembre 2013, edited by V. Gazeau, C. Guyon, and C. Vincent, 21-37. Paris: Les éditions du Cerf.
  • Anastassiadou, M. 1997. Salonique, 1830-1912: Une ville ottomane à l’âge des Réformes. The Ottoman Empire and its Heritage 11. Leiden: Brill.
  • Andrić, I. 1990. The Development of Spiritual Life in Bosnia under the Influence of Turkish Rule, edited and translated by Zˇ.B. Juricˇic´ and J.F. Loud. Durham: Duke University Press.
  • Anonymous pamphlet. 1953. Premiata antica fonderia di campane Ditta Ing. Francesco de Poli (Vittorio Veneto) nel V° centenario di fondazione della Ditta. Oderzo: Bianchi.
  • Antalya Belediye Başkanlığı. 1990. Antalya Kent Merkezi içinde Kalekapısı ve Çevresi Kentsel Tasarım Yarışması Bilgi Kitabı. Antalya: Antalya Belediye Başkanlığı - Şafak Matbaacılık.
  • Antalya Valiliği. 2004. Antalya Kültür Envanteri (Merkez) 2003. Antalya: Antalya Valiliği İl Kültür ve Turizm Müdürlüğü.
  • Avery, V. 2011. Vulcan’s Forge in Venus’ City: The Story of Bronze in Venice 1350-1650. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Бура, Н. 2005. Звона кроз историју. Belgrade: Теовид.
  • Cansever, M. 2009. Türkiye’nin Kültür Mirası: 100 Saat Kulesi. Istanbul: NTV Yayınları.
  • Cormak, R., and M. Vassilaki, eds. 2008. Byzantium 330-1453. London: Royal Academy of Arts.
  • Çimrin, H. 2017. Antalya’da Tarihi Camiler, Medreseler, Türbeler, Yatırlar, Mezarlıklar, Eski ve Yeni Kiliseler. Antalya: ATSO.
  • Çimrin, H. 2018. Antalya Kaleiçi: Tarih, Gözlem ve Anılar. Antalya: ATSO.
  • Dalleggio d’Alessio, E. 1939. “Le texte grec du traité conclu par les Génois de Galata avec Mehmet II le Ier Juin 1453.” Ελληνικά 11:115-24.
  • Dawkins, R.M. 1953. “Notes on Life in the Monasteries of Mount Athos.” HTR 46:217-31.
  • Delilbaşı, M. 2012. “A Contribution to the History of Epirus (XVth-XVIth centuries).” Gamer 1:37-60.
  • Doğan, S., N. Çorağan, V. Bulgurlu, Ç. Alas, E. Fındık, and E. Apaydın. 2014. Demre - Myra Aziz Nikolaos Kilisesi. Istanbul: Arkeoloji ve Sanat Yayınları.
  • Doğan, S., and E. Fındık, eds. 2018. Aziz Nikolaos Kilisesi Kazıları: 1989-2009. Istanbul: Homer Kitabevi.
  • Düzadağ, M.E. 1983. Şeyhülislam Ebussuu¯d Efendi Fetvaları Işığında 16. Asır Türk Hayatı. 2nd ed. Istanbul: Enderun Kitabevi.
  • Gnirs, A. 1917. Alte und neue Kirchenglocken: als ein Katalog der Kirchenglocken im österreichischen Küstenlande und in angrenzenden Gebieten: mit Beiträgen zur Geschichte der Gußmeister. Vienna: Kunstverlag Anton Schroll & Co.
  • Güçlü, M. 2013. “Antalya Saat Kulesi’nin İnşası.” TAÇ: Mimarlık, Arkeoloji, Kültür, Sanat Dergisi 1:38-41. Hanioğlu, M.Ş. 2008. A Brief History of the Late Ottoman Empire. Princeton/Oxford: Princeton University Press.
  • Hellenkemper, H., and F. Hild. 2004. Lykien und Pamphylien. 3 vols. Tabula Imperii Byzantini 8. Denkschriften, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften: Philosophisch-historische Klasse 320. Vienna: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften.
  • Hertslet, E. 1875. The Map of Europe by Treaty; Showing the Various Political and Territorial Changes Which Have Taken Place Since the General Peace of 1814. Vol. 2. London: Butterworths.