Alanya-Selçuklu Sarayı kazılarında bulunan alçı bezeme parçaları üzerine bazı gözlemler

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Some observations on the stucco decorative fragments uncovered in the Alanya- Seljukid Palace excavations

There are few stucco samples dating back to the Seljukid era. A majority of such decorative fragments were discovered in some palaces and kiosks such as Konya, Kubadabâd, Felekabâd and Delice. On the other hand, it is understood that a significant part of the religious buildings of the Seljuk era were decorated with rich stucco revetments designing as a wall-painting and also architectural or structural elements such as the mihrabs, shelves, cupboards, window frames, lattices and sarcophagus.During the archaeological excavations at the Citadel of Alanya, a remarkable group of the stucco decorative fragments belonging to the Seljukid Palace were uncovered in remains at the south-eastern corner of the Inner Castle. These fragments have some unique details enlightening us about 13th century practices and production methods.The most populated group among the findings was the border fragments produced using molding technique. One can say that, together with the stucco concave molding fragments found during the excavations, both decorative elements possibly belonged to adjoined stucco cupboards.We can assume that a fragment in the second group of examples resembling latticework was completed to the whole in the form of a cross-, it is possible that this example is one of the grids used in the railings of the belvedere of the Seljukid Palace.One of the most remarkable findings is the third group examples. All of these are corner pieces. It can be understood that they were engraved embossed floral motifs and with the combination of palmette-rumî samples using the leaned surface deep carving technique and possibly wood-carved female molds during their production.There are curved surfaces made up to a circle in all of the corner pieces. Obviously, the middle section of stucco panels was empty when they were made up to the whole. Considering the vertical cross-sections of all samples, a thin groove is apparent in the inner walls of concave surfaces. This also explains the use of coloured found together with stucco fragments during the excavations. We understand that there were coloured found in the same archaeological area, are 3 mm thick on the sides and cambered in the middle of the each stucco panel. On the other hand, it is clearly that the mortar remains on the back surfaces of these panels reveal that they were mounted on the walls. However, one cannot think that the entire wall surface was decorated using such an application; that they were found together with tiles during the excavations brings into mind that they were possibly used aş a border lined in one row along the upper side of the tile revetments in the form of star-cross combination.Most remarkable pieces among the other items found during the excavations, undoubtedly, is a group of painted stucco fragments seen in very few samples in the Seljukid era.A geometric layout created using sliced rosette motifs is seen on an example made up of several broken pieces;-with T-shaped geometric divisions, inner parts painted to red, between the rosettes. One can say that these examples possibly belonged to a wall revetments formed of several painted stucco panels lined adjoined to one another.Unfortunately, it is impossible to imagine these stucco fragments found in a very damaged condition during the excavation together with the original architectural context they were once inside. Although they were found at rooms XIV and XV during the excavations, apparently they were not used in same places. Considered together with the other findings, it is doubtless that the stucco decorative fragments belonged to the belvedere of the Seljukid Palace. Obviously, the decorative wall revetments created together with tile, glass and stucco materials have also fell onto the lower floor rooms carrying the kiosk and were damaged during the demolition. It won't be hard to imagine that an important part of this rich material scattered out of the Inner Castle walls and to the near vicinity and diminished over time.

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