Yunus ATICI, Canan GONEN AYDİN, Ayşegül ATICI, Mehmet Özbey BÜYÜKKUŞÇU, Yavuz ARIKAN, Mehmet Bülent BALİOĞLU

The effect of Kinesio taping on back pain in patients with Lenke Type 1 adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: A randomized controlled trial

Purpose: This study investigated the short-term effects of KT on back pain (BP) in patients with LenkeType 1 adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS).Methods: We chosen Lenke Type 1 scoliosis who have had only back pain (the localization of the pain:the only in the apical convex edge). Forty patients suffering from BP with Lenke Type 1 AIS wererandomly separated into two groups, Group 1 (20 patients) and Group 2 (20 patients). Group 1 was givenKT with tension and home exercises and Group 2 was given KT without tension and home exercises. KTand home exercises was applied to the thoracic area of the patients in both groups for four weeks. Painintensity was measured using a visual analog scale (VAS) and SRS-22 (subtotal SRS-20) before and aftertreatment.Results: Mean age of both groups was 16.1 years. Mean Cobb angle of the thoracic scoliosis was 31.8(range: 17e44) in Group 1 and 32.8(range: 19e43) in Group 2 before the treatment. The decrease inVAS score of Group 1 after taping was higher than that of Group 2. The difference between the pre- andpost-treatment VAS scores of both groups was statistically signiŞcant (p < 0.05). The increase in meanSRS-20 score of Group 1 following taping application was signiŞcantly higher than the increase in thecontrol group (p< 0.05).Conclusion: Results demonstrated that KT application with tension effectively leads to back pain reliefshortly after application. In addition, KT has a positive impact on quality of life. Thus, KT may be asuitable intervention in treating back pain of patients with AIS.Level of Evidence: Level 1, Therapeutic study.

___

1. Sato T, Hirano T, Ito T, et al. Back pain in adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis: epidemiological study for 43,630 pupils in Niigata City. Japan. Eur Spine J. 2011;20:274e279.

2. Joncas J, Labelle H, Poitras B, Duhaime M, Rivard CH, Le Blanc. Dorso-lumbal pain and idiopathic scoliosis in adolescence. Ann Chir. 1996;50:637e640.

3. Theroux J, Le May S, Fortin C, Labelle H. Prevalence and management of back pain in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients: a retrospective study. Pain Res Manag. 2015;20:153e157.

4. Mayo NE, Goldberg MS, Poitras B, Scott S, Henley J. The Ste-Justin adolescent idiopathic scoliosis cohort study. Part III: back pain. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1994;19:1573e1581.

5. Pratt RK, Burwell RG, Cole AA, Webb JK. Patient and parental perception of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis before and after surgery in comparison with surface and radiographic measurements. Spine. 2002;27:1543e1550.

6. Ramirez N, Johnston CE, Browne RH. The prevalence of back pain in children who have idiopathic scoliosis. J Bone Jt Surg Am. 1997;79:364e368.

7. Weinstein SL, Zavala DC, Ponseti IV. Idiopathic scoliosis. Long-term follow-up and prognosis in untreated patients. J Bone Jt Surg Am. 1981;63:702e712.

8. Freidel K, Petermann F, Reichel D, Steiner A, Warschburger P, Weiss HR. Quality of life in women with idiopathic scoliosis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1981;15: 87e91.

9. Negrini S. Approach to scoliosis changed due to causes other than evidence: patients call for conservative (rehabilitation) experts to join in team orthopedic surgeons. Disabil Rehabil. 2008;30:731e741.

10. Kim HS. Evidence-based of nonoperative treatment in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Asian Spine J. 2014 Oct;8(5):695e702.

11. Van Middelkoop M, Rubinstein SM, Verhagen AP, Ostelo RW, Koes BW, van Tulder MW. Exercise therapy for chronic nonspecific low-back pain. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2014;24:193e204.

12. Jones M, Stratton G, Reilly T, Unnithan V. The efficacy of exercise as an intervention to treat recurrent nonspecific low back pain in adolescents. Pediatr Exerc Sci. 2007;19:349e359.

13. Fanucchi G, Stewart A, Jordaan R, Becker P. Exercise reduces the intensity and prevalence of low back pain in 12e13 year old children: a randomised trial. Aust J Physiother. 2009;55:97e104.

14. Ahlqwist A, Hagman M, Kjellby Wendt G, Beckung E. Physical therapy treatment of back complaints on children and adolescents. Spine (Philadelphia, Pa 1976). 2008;33:E721eE727.

15. Ahlqwist A, Sallfors C. Experiences of low back pain in adolescents in relation € to physiotherapy intervention. Int J Qual Stud Health Well-being. 2012;7. http:// dx.doi.org/10.3402/qhw.v7i0.15471. PubMed PMID: 22740844; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3379843.

16. Hestbaek L, Stochkendahl MJ. The evidence base for chiropractic treatment of musculoskeletal conditions in children and adolescents: the emperor's new suit? Chiropr Osteopat. 2010;18:15.

17. Pillastrini P, Gardenghi I, Bonetti F, et al. An updated overview of clinical guidelines for chronic low back pain management in primary care. Jt Bone Spine. 2012;79:176e185.

18. Balague F, Mannion AF, Pellis e F, Cedraschi C. Non-speci fic low back pain. Lancet. 2012;379:482e491.

19. Calvo-Munoz I, Gomez Conesa A, SaGnchez-Meca J. Physical therapy treatments for low back pain in children and adolescents: a meta-analysis. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2013;2:14e55.

20. Kase K, Wallis J, Kase T. Clinical Therapeutic Applications of the Kinesio Taping Methods. Kinesio Taping Association; 2003.

21. Lenke LG, Betz RR, Harms J, et al. Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a new classification to determine extent of spinal arthrodesis. J Bone Jt Surg. 2011;83: 1169e1181.

22. Downie WW, Leatham PA, Rhind VM, Wright V, Branco JA, Anderson JA. Studies with pain rating scales. Ann Rheum Dis. 1978;37:378e381.

23. Alanay A, Cil A, Berk H, et al. Reliability and validity of adapted Turkish Version of Scoliosis Research Society-22 (SRS-22) questionnaire. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2005;30:2464e2468.

24. Boonstra AM, Schiphorst Preuper HR, Balk GA, Stewart RE. Cut-off points for mild, moderate, and severe pain on the visual analogue scale for pain in patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain. Pain. 2014 Dec;155(12):2545e2550.

25. Glassman SD, Bridwell K, Dimar JR, Horton W, Berven S, Schwab F. The impact of positive sagittal balance in adult spinal deformity. Spine. 2005;30:2024e2029.

26. Kase K, Wallis J, Kase T. General introduction. In: Wallis J, Kinesio IP, eds. Clinical Therapeutic Applications of the Kinesio Taping Method. New Mexico: LLC; 2013:12e25.

27. Langendoen J, Sertel K. In: Sherman C, ed. What you need to know about taping, in kinesiology taping: the essential step-by-step guide. Canada: Robert Rose Inc.; 2011:9e63.

28. Kase K. Kinesio taping. In: Murray H, ed. Illustrated Kinesio Taping. Tokyo: Ken Ikai Information; 2003:6e12.

29. Lins CA, Neto FL, Amorim AB, Macedo Lde B, Brasileiro JS. Kinesio Taping does not alter neuromuscular performance of femoral quadriceps or lower limb function in healthy subjects: randomized, blind, controlled, clinical trial. Man Ther. 2013;18:41e45.

30. Fratocchi G, Di Mattia F, Rossi R, Mangone M, Santilli V, Paoloni M. Influence of Kinesio taping applied over biceps brachii on isokinetic elbow peak torque. A placebo controlled study in a population of young healthy subjects. J Sci Med Sport. 2013;16:245e249.

31. Kachanathu SJ, Alenazi AM, Seif HE, Hafez AR, Alroumim MA. Comparison between Kinesio taping and a traditional physical therapy program in treatment of nonspecific low back pain. J Phys Ther Sci. 2014;26:1185e1188.

32. Zakaria A, Hafez AR, Buragadda Melam GR. Stretching versus mechanical traction of the spine in treatment of idiopathic scoliosis. J Phys Ther Sci. 2012;24:1127e1131.

33. Yang JM, Lee JH, Lee DH. Effects of consecutive application of stretching, Schroth, and strengthening exercises on Cobb's angle and the rib hump in an adult with idiopathic scoliosis. J Phys Ther Sci. 2015;27:2667e2669.

34. Parreira PC, Costa LC, Takahashi R, et al. Kinesio taping to generate skin convolutions is not better than sham taping for people with chronic non-specific low back pain: a randomised trial. J Physiother. 2014;60:90e96.

35. Castro-Sanchez AM, Lara-Palomo IC, Matar an-Penarrocha GA, Fern ~ andezSanchez M, S anchez-Labraca N, Arroyo-Morales M. Kinesio. taping reduces disability and pain slightly in chronic non-specific low back pain: a randomised trial. J Physiother. 2012;58:89e95.

36. Paoloni M, Bernetti A, Fratocchi G, et al. Kinesio taping applied to lumbar muscles influences clinical and electromyographic characteristics in chronic low back pain patients. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med. 2011;47:237e244.

37. Luz Júnior MA, Sousa MV, Neves LA, Cezar AA, Costa LO. Kinesio Taping® is not better than placebo in reducing pain and disability in patients with chronic non-specific low back pain: a randomized controlled trial. Braz J Phys Ther. 2015 Nov-Dec;19(6):482e490. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/bjpt-rbf.2014.0128. PubMed PMID: 26647750; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4668342.

38. Vanti C, Bertozzi L, Gardenghi I, Turoni F, Guccione AA, Pillastrini P. Effect of taping on spinal pain and disability: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials. Phys Ther. 2015;95:493e506.

39. Bae SH, Lee JH, Oh KA, Kim KY. The effects of kinesio taping on potential in chronic low back pain patients anticipatory postural control and cerebral cortex. J Phys Ther Sci. 2013;25:1367e1371. 196 Y