TANSU BİRİNCİ, FEYZA ŞULE BADILLI DEMİRBAŞ

Relationship between the mobility of medial longitudinal arch and postural control

Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between the medial longitudinal archmobility and static and dynamic balance.Methods: A total of 50 subjects (25 female, and 25 male; Mean age: 22.2± 1.3 years; BMI: 22.8 ± 3.8 kg/m2) were included in this study. The relative arch deformity (RAD) was calculated with both 10% and 90%weight bearing (WB). Static balance was evaluated with Single Leg Stance Test and dynamic balance withTechnoBody PK 200WL computerized balance device. Subjects were evaluated for goniometric measurements of lower extremity joints, leg dominance and leg-length discrepancy.Results: Bipedal dynamic balance was correlated with both feet length at 10% WB and 90% WB. Therewas a correlation between the dynamic balance on dominant foot and RAD value on the aspect ofMedium Speed (r¼ 0.32, p ¼ 0.02), Perimeter Length (r ¼ 0.32, p ¼ 0.02) and AnteriorePosteriorSway (r¼ 0.36, p ¼ 0.01). Static balance was unaffected by RAD value when the visual system waseliminated.Conclusion: Our results suggest that decrease of arch mobility on the dominant foot is associated withposterior sway by causing knee or hip strategy and preventing ankle strategy even in small perturbations.The rate of deviation from the equilibrium point and the degree of total swaying increase when arch mobility decreases.

___

1. Page P, Frank CC, Lardner R. Assessment and Treatment of Muscle Imbalance, the Janda Approach. United States: Human Kinetics; 2010.

2. Fukano M, Fukubayashi T. Motion characteristics of the medial and lateral longitudinal arch during landing. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2009;105:387e392.

3. Oatis CA, Beattie PF. Kinesiology: The Mechanics and Pathomechanics of Human Movement. 2nd ed. Philidelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2009.

4. Cowan DN, Robinson Jr , Jones BH, Polly Jr DW, Berrey BH. Consistency of visual assessments of arch height among clinicians. Foot Ankle Int. 1994;15:213e217.

5. Nielsen RG, Rathleff MS, Moelgaard CM, et al. Video based analysis of dynamic midfoot function and its relationship with Foot Posture Index scores. Gait Posture. 2010;31(1):126e130.

6. Bencke J, Christiansen D, Jensen K, Okholm A, Sonne-Holm S, Bandholm T. Measuring medial longitudinal arch deformation during gait. A reliability study. Gait Posture. 2012;35:400e404.

7. Williams DS, McClay IS. Measurements used to characterize the foot and the medial longitudinal arch: reliability and validity. Phys Ther. 2000;80:864e871.

8. Nigg BM, Khan A, Fisher V, Stefanyshyn D. Effect of shoe insert construction on foot and leg movement. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1998;30:550e555.

9. Barnes A, Wheat J, Milner C. Association between foot types and tibial stress injuries: a systematic review. Br J Sports Med. 2008;42:93e98.

10. Nakhaee Z, Rahimi A, Abaee M, Rezasoltani A, Kalantari KK. The relationship between the height of the medial longitudinal arch (MLA) and the ankle and knee injuries in professional runners. Foot. 2008;18:84e90.

11. Bandholm T, Boysen L, Haugaard S, Zebis MK, Bencke J. Foot medial longitudinal-arch deformation during quiet standing and gait in subjects with medial tibial stress syndrome. J Foot Ankle Surg. 2008;47(2):89e95.

12. Cornwall MW, McPoil TG. Relationship between static foot posture and foot mobility. J Foot Ankle Res. 2011;4:4.

13. Williams 3rd DS, Tierney RN, Butler RJ. Increased medial longitudinal arch mobility, lower extremity kinematics and ground reaction forces in higharched runners. J Athl Train. 2014;49(3):290e296.

14. Chang Y-W, Hung W, Wu H-W, Chiu Y-C, Hsu H-C. Measurements of foot arch in standing, level walking, vertical jump and sprint start. Int J Sport Excerc Sci. 2010;2:31e38.

15. Cote KP, Brunet ME, Gansneder BM, Shultz SJ. Effects of pronated and supinated foot postures on static and dynamic postural stability. J Athl Train. 2005;40: 41e46.

16. Gerhardt JJ, Rondinelli RD. Goniometric techniques for range-of-motion assessment. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am. 2001;12(3):507e527.

17. Schneiders AG, Sullivan SJ, O'Malley KJ, Clarke SV, Knappstein SA, Taylor LJ. A valid and reliable clinical determination of footedness. Phys Med Rehabil. 2010;2:835e841.

18. Badii M, Wade AN, Collins DR, Nicolaous S, Kobza BJ, Kopec JA. Comparison of lifts versus tape measure in determining leg length discrepancy. J Rheumatol. 2014;41(8):1689e1694.

19. Barati A, SafarCherati A, Aghayari A, Azizi F, Abbasi H. Evaluation of relationship between trunk muscle endurance and static balance in male students. Asian J Sports Med. 2013;4:4.

20. http://www.tecnobody.it.

21. Fousekis K, Tsepis E, Vagenas G. Intrinsic risk factors of noncontact ankle sprains in soccer: a prospective study on 100 professional players. Am J Sports Med. 2012;40:8.

22. Akın M. Effect of gymnastics training on dynamic balance abilities in 4e6 years of age children. Int J Acad Res. 2013;5:142e146.

23. Pallant J. SPSS Survival Manual. UK: McGraw-Hill Education; 2013.

24. Richards CJ, Card K, Song J, Hillstrom H, Butler R, Davis IM. A novel arch height index measurement system (AHIMS): intra- and inter-rater reliability. In: Proceedings of the American Society of Biomechanics 26th Annual Meeting. 2003.

25. Fukano M, Fukubayashi T. Gender-based differences in the functional deformation of the foot longitudinal arch. Foot. 2012;22:6e9.

26. Zifchock RA, Davis I, Hillstrom H, Song J. The effect of gender, age, and lateral dominance on arch height and arch stiffness. Foot Ankle Int. 2006;27:367e372.

27. Seckin U, Tur BS, Yılmaz O, Yagcı I, Bodur H, Arasıl T. The prevalence of joint hypermobility among high school students. Rheumatol Int. 2005;25:260e263.

28. Ericksen H, Gribble PA. Sex differences, hormone fluctuations, ankle stability, and dynamic postural control. J Athl Train. 2012;47(2):143e148.

29. Schie CHV, Boulton AJ. The effect of arch height and body mass on plantar pressure. Wounds. 2000;12:88e95.

30. Sadeghi H, Allard P, Prince F, Labelle H. Symmetry and limb dominance in ablebodied gait: a review. Gait Posture. 2000;12:34e45.

31. Boonstra TA, Schouten AC, van der Kooij H. Identification of the contribution of the ankle and hip joints to multisegmental balance control. J Neuroeng Rehabil. 2013;10:23.

32. Mahar RK, Kirby RL, MacLeod DA. Simulated leg-length discrepancy: its effect of mean center-of-pressure position and postural sway. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1985;66:822e824.

33. Murrell P, Cornwall MW, Doucet SK. Leg-length discrepancy: effect on the amplitude of postural sway. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1991;72:646e648.

34. Kwon Y-J, Song M, Baek I-H, Lee T. The effect of simulating a leg-length discrepancy on pelvic position and spinal posture. J Phys Ther Sci. 2015;27: 689e691.