Küresel Tedarik Zinciri Ve Uluslararası Ticaret Yönetiminde Verimli Ödeme Sistemi Seçimi

Bu çalışmada küresel tedarik zincirinde fon akışı için gerekli uluslararası ödemeleri gerçekleştirmek amacıyla kullanılabilecek iki ödeme sistemi olan SWIFT ağı ve blok zincir ağı tabanlı ödeme sistemlerinden hangisinin hangi koşullar altında seçilmesi gerektiği ile ilgili matematiksel modelleme yoluyla bir karar mekanizması oluşturulmuştur. Tedarik zincirlerinde ürün akışının yanında bilgi ve fon akışını da koordine edebilmek büyük önem taşımaktadır. Tüm akışların gecikmeden ve sorunsuz yürütülmesi ile küresel tedarik zinciri ve uluslararası ticaretin yönetiminde yüksek performans elde edilebilir. Bu çalışmada fon akışının zamanında ve sıkıntısız gerçekleştirilmesi için verimli ödeme sistemi seçimi kararı incelenmiştir. Modelde, bu iki ödeme sistemine ait dinamikler, olasılık dağılımları ve diğer parametreler vasıtasıyla ifade edilmiştir. SWIFT ve blok zincir ağı ödeme sistemleri arasında, bu sistemlerin tedarik zinciri için oluşturacakları toplam maliyet ve risklerin beklenen değerlerine göre kıyaslama yapılmıştır. Modelde, toplam ödeme işlem ücreti ve ödeme tamamlanma süresi beklenen değerlerinin daha düşük olduğu sistemin seçilmesi yönelimi gözlenmiştir. Bununla beraber, ödeme sürecinde görev alacak ve alıcı ve satıcıyı temsil edenler harici aracı finansal kurumların sayısı arttıkça blok zincir ağına, ödemede karşı tarafa aktarılacak olan fon miktarı yükseldikçe SWIFT ağına yönelme eğilimi gözlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

küresel tedarik zincirleri, uluslararası ticaret, SWIFT, blok zincir ağı, ödeme sistemi

Efficient Payment System Selection in Global Supply Chains and International Trade Management

In this study, whether to make a cross-border payment in a global supply chain with SWIFT or block chain has been established via mathematical modeling. It is extremely important in supply chains to coordinate information and funds flow as well as physical flow of goods. It will be possible to achieve high performance in a global supply chain and international trade via timely and smooth execution of all flows. In this study we investigated the choice of the cross-border payment system based on the efficiency criteria to accomplish supply chain funds flow on time and without problems. In the model the dynamics of the two payment systems were expressed by means of probability distributions and other parameters. A comparison is then made according to the expected values of the total costs and risks generated by the two payment systems for the supply chain. It is recommended to choose the system with lower expected values of payment processing fee and total processing time. In addition, as the number of intermediary financial institutions taking part in the payment increases the decision mechanism favors block chain network, whereas it favors the SWIFT network as the total amount of funds to be transferred increases.

Keywords:

global supply chains, international trade, SWIFT, block chain network, payment system,

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