Konaklama İşletmelerinde İşe Alıştırma Eğitiminin Örgütsel Bağlılığa Etkisi

Örgütsel bağlılık işgörenlerin davranışlarını etkileyen en önemli değişkenlerden biridir. Ayrıca örgütsel bağlılık işgörenlerin sadakatini, işten ayrılma niyetini, iş performansını ve motivasyonunu tahmin eden önemli bir etkendir. Diğer taraftan işe alıştırma eğitimi ise tek bir örgütsel kültür oluşturmada çok önemli bir etkiye sahiptir. İşe alıştırma eğitiminin de işten ayrılma davranışı ile ters yönlü ilişkisi bulunmaktadır. Bu sebeple çalışmada işten ayrılma niyeti ile örgütsel bağlılık arasındaki ilişki incelenmiştir. Araştırma kapsamında Balıkesir il merkezinde faaliyet gösteren 6 adet turizm işletme belgeli otel işletmelerinde çalışan ve işe alıştırma eğitimi almış 53 işgören ile anket yapılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler analiz edilmiş ve bu analiz sonucunda işe alıştırma eğitiminin içeriğinin örgütsel bağlılık üzerinde önemli oranda doğrusal bir ilişki olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Konaklama İşletmelerinde İşe Alıştırma Eğitiminin Örgütsel Bağlılığa Etkisi

Organisational commitment is one of the most important variable to determine of emplyee’s behavior. Morover organisational commitment is a major predictor of employees behaviors such as e,g. turnover intention, job loyalty, job performance and motivation. On the other hand orientation rogramme is a crucial process to develop an uniform organisational culture. Orientation programme has inversely relationship with turnover behaviour. For this reason the purpose of this study is to examine relationships between orientation and organisational commitment. In six hotel establishments where is in Balıkesir was examined a questionarrrie to determinate the effect of orientation programme on organisational commitment and the benefits of orientation programme on 53 hotel employees. According to the result of analysis it was exposed that content of orientation programme and benefits of orientation programme has highly lineer correlation.

___

ABBASI, S. M., ve HOLLMAN, K.W. (2000), “Turnover: The real bottom line”, Public Personnel Management, 29(3), 333-342.

ACEVEDO, M. Jose ve YANCEY, B. George (2011), “Assessing New Employee Orientation Programms”, Journal of Workplace Learning, 23(5), 349-354.

AKSU, Akın (2008), Employee Turnover - Calculation Of Turnover Rates And Costs. Dana V. TESONE (der), Handbook of Hospitality Human Resources Management içinde, Burlington: Elseiver Ltd.

ANGLE, H. ve PERRY, J. (1981), “An Empirical Assessment Of Organisational Commitment And Organisational Effectiveness”, Administrative Science Quarterly, 26, 1-13.

BAKKER, A.B., ve SCHAUFELI, W.B. (2008), “Positive organizational behavior: Engaged employees in flourishing organizations”, Journal of Organizational Behavior, 29(2), 14715

BALBAY, Zeynep. (2007), Oryantasyon Eğitiminin Çalışanların Turnoverına Etkisi ve Bir Uygulama (Basılmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). İstanbul:Y.T.Ü. Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü İşletme Anabilim Dalı İnsan Kaynakları Yönetimi.

BARUCH, Y., ve COHEN, A. (2007), The Dynamics Between Organisational Commitment And Professional Identity Formation At Work, Brown, Alan, Kirpal, Simone ve Rauner, R, (der.), Identities at work içinde, Netherland: Springer.

BENKHOFF, Birgit (1997), "Disentangling organisational commitment: the changes of the OCQ for research and policy", Personnel Review, 26(1), 114-20.

BIRDIR, Kemal (2000),“Türkiye’de Otel Genel Müdürlerinin İş Devir Süreleri ve Nedenleri Üzerine Bir Araştırma”, Anatolia Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi, 11(2): 142-148.

BOELLA, Michael ve GOSS-TURNER, Steven, (2005), Human Resource Management in the Hospitality Industry: An Introductory Guide, Burlington: Elseiver ButterworthHeinemann.

BARUCH, Y. ve COHEN, A. (2007). “The dynamics between organizational commitment and identity formation at work”, BROWN, A; KIRPAL, S. RAUNER, F. (der), Identities at Work içinde, Dordtrecth: Springer.

BROWN, Judith (2007) “Employee orientation: Keeping new employees on board”.humanresources. about. com/library/weekly/nosearch/nuc042102a. htm.(20/02/2014).

BUSSY, M., de Nigel ve SUPRAWAN, Lokweetpun, (2011), “Most Valuable Stakeholders: The Impact of Employee Orientation on Corporate Financial Performance”, Public Relation Review , 38(2), 280-287.

CHALKITI, Katolina ve SIGALA, Marianna, (2010), “Staff Turnover in the Greek Tourism Industry: A Comparison between Insular and Peninsular Regions”, International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 22(3), 335-359.

CHEN, Z.X, ve FRANCESCO, A.M. (2000), “Employee Demography, Organizational Commitment and Turnover Intentions in China: Do Cultural Differences Matter?”.Human relations, 53(6), 869-887.

CHICKWE, A.C., (2010), “The Impact of Employee Turnover: The Case of Leisure, Tourism, and Hospitality Industry”, The Consortium Journal, of Hospitality and Tourism, 14(1), 43-56. CHONG, V. K., ve EGGLETON, I.R. (2007), “The Impact Of Reliance On Incentive-Based Compensation Schemes, Information Asymmetry And Organisational Commitment On Managerial Performance”, Management Accounting Research,18(3), 312-342.

COETZEE, S. E, ve ROTHMANN, S, (2005), “Occupational Stress, Organisational Commitment and Ill-Health of Employees at a Higher Education Institution in South Africa”, SA Journal of Industrial Psychology, 31(1), p-47.

CURRIE, Donald (2002), Personel in Practice, UK: Blackwell Publishers.

CURTIS, A., ve DAY, A. (2013), “The Impact Of Specialist Training On Professional Identity, Organisational Membership, Organisational Commitment, And Stress In Correctional Psychologists”, Journal of forensic practice, 15(2), 130-140.

ÇAKINBERK, Arzu, DERIN, Neslihan ve GÜN, Gül. (2011), “Otel İşletmelerinde İnsan Kaynakları Açısından İş Gören Devir Hızı Analizi: Kapadokya Bölgesi Örneği”, Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 10(36): 252-272.

DeCARLO, Lawrance T. (1997), “On the Meaning and Use of Kurtosis”, Psychological Methods, 2, 292-307.

DECENZO, A. David ve ROBBINS, Stephens, P. (2005), Fundamanetals of Human Resource Management, Danvers:John Wiley & Sons Inc.

DeGIETER, S. HOFMANS J. ve PEPERMANS R. (2011), “Revisiting The İmpact Of Job Satisfaction And Organizational Committment On Nurse Turnover İntentions: An Individual Differences Analysis”, International Journal of Nursing Studies, 48, 1562– 156

DEPARTMENT OF HUMAN RESOURCES STATE OF TENNESSEE (November 2011), New Employee Handbook, Tennessee (http://www.tn.gov/dohr/employees/pdf/Employee_Handbook.pdf (11/12/2012)

DURAI, Pravin (2010), Human Resource Management, India: Pearson Education.

DUNNE, M.J. ve MUJTABA, B.G. (2013), “Employee Engagement and Change Management Programmes: a Comparative Study of Organisational Commitment between Thai and Irish Cultures”, International Affairs & Global Strategy, 9,1-23 FARREL, Daniel ve RUSBULT, Carl, E., (1981), “Exchange Variables as Predictors of Job Satisfaction, Job Commitment, And Turnover: The Impact Of Rewards, Costs, Alternatives, And Investments”, Organizational Behaviour and Human Pewrformance, 28(1), 75-95.

FISCHER, R., FERREIRA, M. C., ASSMAR, E.M.L., REDFORD, P., ve HARB, C. (2005), “Organizational Behaviour across Cultures Theoretical and Methodological Issues for Developing Multi-level Frameworks Involving Culture”, International Journal of Cross Cultural Management, 5(1), 27-48.

FIELD, Andy (2009), Discovering Statistics Using IBM SPSS Statistics. California: Sage.

GEZEN, Tuba, ve BOZ Hakan (2013), “Otel İşletmelerinde Örgütsel Güven ile İşten Ayrılma Niyeti Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi”. 14. Ulusal Turizm Kongresi 2013, Kayseri. ss,891-907.

GÜÇLÜ, Hatice (2006), Turizm İşletmelerinde Durumsal Faktörlerin Örgütsel Bağlılık Üzerinde Etkisi (Basılmamış Doktora Tezi) Eskişehir: Anadolu Üniversitesi Turizm ve Otel İşletmeciliği Ana Bilim Dalı.

GREGSON, T. (1992), “An Investigation of the Causal Ordering of Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment in Turnover Models In Accounting”, Behavioral Research in Accounting, 4, 80-95.

GROENEVELD, R.A. ve Meeden, G. (1984), “Measuring Skewness and Kurtosis”, The Statistician, 33, 391-399.

HACKER, A. Carol, (2004), “New Employee Orientation: Make it Pay Dividends for Years to Come”, Information Systems Management, 21(1), 89 – 92.

HAVAEI, F., DAHINTEN, V. S., ve MACPHEE, M. (2013). The Effects Of Perceived Organisational Support And Span Of Control On The Organisational Commitment Of Novice Leaders. Journal Of Nursing Management, 1,8. DOI: 10.1111/jonm.12131.

HERATH, T. ve RAO, H.R. (2009), “Protection motivation and deterrence: a framework for security policy compliance in organisations”, European Journal of Information Systems, 18(2), 106-125.

HOLLENBECK, Noe ve WRIGHT, Gerhart (2011), Fundamentals of Human Resource Management, New York: McGraw Hill.

HOPKINS, K.D. veWeeks, D.L. (1990), “Tests for Normality and Measures of Skewness and Kurtosis: Their Place in Research Reporting”, Educational and Psychological Measurement, 50, 717-729.

KATHMAN, M. Jane ve KATHMAN, D. Michael (2000), “Training Student Employees for Quality Services, The Journal of Academic Librarian”, 26(3), 176-182.

KOCABACAK, Ayşe (2006), “İnsan Kaynakları Eğitiminde Oryantasyon: Perakendecilik Sektöründe Uygulama (Basılmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi), Konya: İşletme Ana Bilim Dalı. KÜLTÜR VE TURİZM BAKANLIĞI (2013), “Turizm İstatistikleri [URL:http://sgb.kulturturizm.gov.tr/TR,50930/istatistikler.html” (20/02/2013).

LAMBERT, E.G. (2006), “I want to leave: A test of a model of turnover intent among correctional staff”, Applied Psychology in Criminal Justice, 2(1), 57-83.

MADSEN, Susan, MILLER; R. DUANE ve CAMERON (2005), “Readiness for Organizational Change: Do Organizational Commitment and Social Relationships in the Workplace Make a Difference?”, Human Resource Development Quarterly, 16(2), 213-234.

MATHIEU, J, ve ZAJAC, D., (1990), "A Review of Met-Analysis of the Antecedents, Correlates and Consequences of Organizational Commitment", Psychological Bulletin, 108(2), 1719

MATHIS, L. Robert ve JACKSON, H. John (2010), Human Resource Management, Mason: South Western Cengage Learning.

McDONALD, D.J. ve MAKIN, P.J. (2000), “The psychological contract, organisational commitment and job satisfaction of temporary staff”, Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 21(2), 84-91.

MESTRE, Michael, STAINER, Alan ve STAINER Lorice, (1997), “Employee Orientation – The Japanesee Approach, Employee Relations“, MGB University Press, 19(5), 443 – 456

MET L.Ö. ve SARIOĞLAN, M. (Aralık 2010), “Otel İşletmeleri Yiyecek-İçecek Ünitelerinde İşgören Devri Üzerine Görgül Bir Araştırma”, Adıyaman Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 3(5): 200-213.

MEYER, J. P., ve ALLEN, N. J. (1997), Commitment in the workplace: Theory, research, and application. California: Sage.

MIA, Lokman (1988), “Managerial attitude, motivation and the effectiveness of budget participation”, Accounting, Organizations and Society, 13(5), 465-475.

MOORS, J.J.A. (1986), “The Meaning of Kurtosis: Darlington Reexamined”, The American Statistician, 40, 283-284.

MOWDAY, T. Richards, PORTER, W. Lyman, ve STEERS, M. Richard., (1982), Employee Organizational Linkages, New York: Academy Press.

MOWDAY, R. T, STEERS, R. M, ve L.W. PORTER, (1979), The measurement of organizational commitment. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 14(2), 224-247.

MUDIE, Peter ve COTTAM, Aangela (1999), Management and Marketing of Services, UK: Elseiver Ltd.

MUJTABA, G. Bahaudin, (2008), Employee Orientation and Mentoring Programme. Dana V., Tesone (der.), Handbook of Hospitality Human Resources Management içinde, Burlington: Elseiver Ltd.

NICKSON, Dennis (2007), Human Resource Management for the Hospitality and Tourism Industries. USA: Elseiver Ltd.

NOURI, H. ve PARKER, R.J. (1996), “The Effect of Organisational Commitment on the Relation Between Budgetary Participation and Budgetary Slack”, Behavioural Research in Accounting, 8, 74–90.

O’REILLY, C., ve CHATMAN, J., (1986), Organisataional Commitment and Psychological Attachment: The Effect of Compliance, Identifaction and Internalization on Prosocial Behaviour”, Journal fo Applied Psychology, 71, 492-499.

PHORNPRAPHA, Sarote ve CHANSRICHAWLA, Suvit (2007), “Leadership-supported mentoring: the key to enhancing organisational commitment and retaining newcomers”, International Journal of Management and Decision Making, 8(2), 394-425.

PLAKOYIANNAKI, Emmanuella, TZOKAS, Niolas, DIMITRATOS, Pavlos ve SAREN, Michael (2008), “How Critical is Employee Orientation for Customer Relationship Management? Insights from a Case Study”, Journal of Marketing Studies, 45 (2), 268–292.

PORTILLA, Teresa, ve OMIDSALAR M. Young., (2001), “Orientation to Reality”, The Reference Librarien, 34(72), 21–32.

POZNANSKI, P.J. ve BLINE, D.M. (1997), “Using Structural Equation Modeling to Investigate the Causal Ordering of Job Satisfaction and Organisational Commitment Among Staff Accountants”, Behavioral Research Accounting, 9, 32-43.

RASHID, M.D. ZABID, Abdul, SAMBASIVAN, Murali ve JOHARI, Juliana (2003), “The Influence of Corporate Culture and Organisational Commitment on Performance”, Journal of Management Development, 22(8), 708 – 728.

REVELLE, W. ve ZINBARG, R. E. (2009), “Coefficients Alpha, Beta, Omega and the Glb: Comments on Sijtsma”, Psychometrika, 74(1), 145-154.

RIORDAN, C. M., WEATHERLY, E. W., VANDENBERG, R. J., ve SELF, R. M. (2001), “The Effects Of Pre-Entry Experiences And Socialization Tactics On Newcomer Attitudes And Turnover”, Journal of Managerial Issues, 13(2), 159,176.

RYAN, Chris, (2003), Recreational Tourism: Demands and Impacts, Clevdon: Channel View Publications.

SALANCIK, G. R. (1977), "Commitment and the Control of Organizational Behavior and Belief", B. M. Staw ve G. R. Salancik (der.), New Directions in Organizational Behavior içide, Chicago: St. Clair.

SHAW, Gareth ve WILLIAMS, M, Alan (2004), Tourism and Tourism Spaces, US:Sage Publiciations.

SIMONS, J.C., ve BUITENDACH, J.H. (2013), “Psychological Capital, Work Engagement And Organisational Commitment Amongst Call Centre Employees In South Africa”, SA Journal of Industrial Psychology, 39(2), 12.

SINGH S. P. (2010), “The Value of Branding”, SINGH, S.P. (der.), International Tourism Development içinde, Laipur: Global Media

SIGALA, M, ve CHALKITI, K. (2007), "Improving performance through tacit knowledge externalization and utilization: preliminary findings from Greek hotels", International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 56(5,6), 456-83.

SIU, O.L. (2002), “Occupational Stressors And Well-Being Among Chinese Employees: The Role of Organisational Commitment”, Applied Psychology, 51(4), 527-544

SOSYAL GÜVENLİK KURUMU, (2013), www.sgk.gov.tr/wps/portal/tr/kurumsal/istatistikler/aylik_istatistik_bilgileri24.10.2012

SOSYAL GÜVENLİK KURUMU (SGK) (2014), Aylık İstatistik Bültenleri, http://www.sgk.gov.tr/(21/02/2014).

SPAGNOLI, P., ve CAETANO, A. (2012), “Personality And Organisational Commitment: The Mediating Role Of Job Satisfaction During Socialisation”, Career Development International, 17(3), 255-275.

THE US BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, (2006), “Job Opening and Labour Turnover Survey, Year Ending August 2006”, The U.S. Department of Labour, Washington D.C.

TIPPLES, Rupert (1996). Contracting: The key to employment relations. International Employment Relations Review, 2(2), 19-41.

TUNA, Muharrem (2007), “Personel Devir Oranı: Ankara’da Yer Alan Yıldızlı Otel İşletmelerinde Bir Uygulama”, Anatolia Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi, 18(1): 45-52.

TÜRKİYE İSTATİSTİK KURUMU (2013), www.tuik.gov.tr/IcerikGetir.do?istab_id=69 (20/12/2012).

TÜTÜNCÜ, Özkan. ve DEMIR, Mahmut. (2003), “Konaklama İşletmelerinde İnsan Kaynakları Kapsamında İş Gücü Devir Hızının Analizi ve Muğla Bölgesi Örneği”, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 5(2): 146-169.

WANOUS P. John ve REICHERS, E. Arnon (2000), “New Employee Orientation Programs”, Human Resource Management Review, 10 (4): 435-451.

WESTWOOD, R.I. (1992), “Culture, Cultural Differences And Organisational Behaviour', Westwood, R.I. (der), Organisational behaviour : Southeast Asian perspectives, içinde, Hong Kong: Longman.

WOODS H. Roberts (1995), Human Resources Management, Michigan: Educational Institude AHMA.

WORLD TRAVEL AND TOURISM COUNCIL (WTTC) (Aralık, 2012), “World Travel & Tourism Total Contribution to Employement” http://www.wttc.org/research/economic-data-search-tool/(25/12/2012)

WORLD TRAVEL AND TOURİSM COUNCIL (WTTC) (2012), Travel and Tourism Economic Impact 2013: World, http://www.wttc.org/site_media/uploads/downloads/world2013_1.pdf (21/02/2013).

WRIGHT, M. Patric, GARDNER, M. Timothy, MOYNIHAN, M. Lisa ve ALLEN, R. Mathew, (2005), “The Relationship Between HR Practices and Firm Performance: Examining Causal Order”, Personnel Psychology, 58, 409-446

YILMAZ, Burcu ve HALICI, Ali, (2010), “İşgücü devir Hızını Etkileyen Etmenler: Sekreterlik Mesleğinde Bir Uygulama”, Uluslararası İktisadi ve İdari İncelemeler Dergisi, 2(4), 9310

YUMUŞAK, Sedat, ve BOZ, Hakan (2013), “Konaklama İşletmelerinde Çalışanların Mevsimsel Duygudurum Düzeylerinin Etkisi”, AİBÜ-İİBF Ekonomik ve Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 9(2), 371-394.

ZINBARG, R. E., REVELLE, W., YOVEL, I. ve LI, W. (2005), “Cronbach’s α, Revelle’s β, and McDonald’s ω H: Their Relations With Each Other and Two Alternative Conceptualizations of Reliability”, Psychometrika, 70(1), 123-133.

ZINBARG, R.E., YOVEL, I., REVELLE, W. ve McDONALD, R.P. (2006), “Estimating Generalizability to a Latent Variable Common to All of a Scale's Indicators: A Comparison of Estimators for ωh”,Applied Psychological Measurement, 30(2), 121-144.