Satın alma fonksiyonunun değişen rolu ve stratejik önemi: Üç orta ölcekli işletmede karşılaştırmalı analiz

Artan rekabet, işletmelerin stratejik yönetim üzerine daha fazla eğilmelerini zorunlu kılmıştır. İşletmeyi bir sistem olarak ele alan stratejik yönetimin başarısı, bu sistemin her parçasının belirlenen amaçlara hizmet edecek biçimde yapılandırılmasına bağlıdır. Yakın bir zaman kadar ikincil bir işlev gözüyle bakılan, önemi yeni yeni anlaşılmaya başlayan satın alma işlevi, stratejik yönetim açısından işletmenin diğer işlevleri kadar önemlidir. Son yıllarda yapılan araştırmalar, satın alma fonksiyonunun stratejik karar alma sürecinde önemli roller üstlenmesi gerektiğine işaret etmektedir. Bu makalede temel amaç, satın alma fonksiyonunun stratejik yönetim sürecinde üstlenmesi gereken rolü ortaya koymak, gelişmiş bir satın alma bölümünün stratejik karar alma sürecine uyumlaştırılmasıyla, işletmelerin rekabet gücünü artırabileceğini vurgulamaktır. Bu amaçla, işletmelerin gelişmiş bir satın alma fonksiyonunu yapılandırma zorunluluklarının nedenleri ve sonuçları incelenmiş, daha sonra satın alma departmanının özellikle büyük önem taşıması nedeniyle gıda sektöründe faaliyet gösteren üç orta ölçekli işletme, çalışmanın uygulama bölümü için tespit edilmiştir. Bu üç işletmenin satın alma bölümleri mevcut yapısı, üstlendiği roller ve stratejik karar alma sürecine katılımı açısından incelenmiştir. Çalışmada araştırma yöntemi olarak görüşme yöntemi uygulanmış, işletmelerin üst yönetimine, satın alma departman yöneticilerine, pazarlama ve üretim departman yöneticilerine toplam dokuz soru yöneltilmiştir. Alınan cevaplar ışığında önce işletmelerle ilgili tek tek değerlendirme yapılmış daha sonra bu değerlendirmeler ışığında aşağıdaki sonuçlara varılmıştır: –– Gıda sektöründe faaliyet gösteren işletmeler için satın alma departmanı, büyük öneme sahiptir. –– Ancak, yabancı bir ortağa sahip olan Dardanel A.Ş. dışındaki iki işletme bu önemin farkında değildir. –– Bu iki işletmede satın alma departmanı ya yanlış hiyerarşik pozisyonda yer almaktadır ya da ikincil, üçüncül bölümler olarak yapılandırılmıştır. –– Bölüm satın alma kararlarını pazarlama departmanından ve üretim departman yöneticisinden almaktadır. –– Bölüm tedarik çevresiyle ilgili bilgi toplama, diğer bölümlerle paylaşma ve stratejik kararlara bu bilgileri aktarmaktan çok, mevcut, faaliyetlerle ilgili bilgileri depolama konumundadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

karar verme, satın alma kararı, gıda sanayii

The everchanging role of purchasing function and its strategic significance: The comparative analysis in three middle sized companies

On account of fierce competition, the companies has increasingly been forced to focus on strategic management. The prosperity of strategic management which sees the company as a system depends on the formation of each component in the system in a way as to accomplish certain objectives. The function of purchasing which is mostly seen as a secondary function and which is taken into consideration more seriously in recent years has been as significant as the other functions of the company in terms of strategic management. The studies which have been done in recent years has indicated that the function of purchasing should play significant roles in the process of strategic decision making. The objectives of this study can be stated as pointing out the roles of purchasing function in the process of strategic management and to emphasize that the companies can increase their competitive effectiveness by adapting the department of purchasing to the process of strategic management. In order to achieve this, firstly, the basic profile of strategic management has been clarified, then, the cause and effect relationships of requirements concerning the formation of an effective purchasing function in companies have been analyzed, and finally three middle-sized companies in food sector have been examined in view of the great significance that the purchasing department has. The purchasing departments of those three companies have also been analyzed in terms of their present structures, the roles that they play and their participation in strategic decisions. The method of this survey is interviewing in which the top executives of those companies, the executives of purchasing, marketing and production departments were asked nine questions. First of all, the companies were evaluated individually regarding the responses they had given and then the following conclusions were drawn in view of those evaluations; –– The purchasing departments have a crucial role in the life of the companies of food sector. –– Two companies except Dardanel which has foreign investor, however, do not even realize this role. –– The purchasing departments of those two companies have been either positioned in a false hierarchical order, or they have been formed as secondary or lower departments. –– These departments have been making purchasing decisions by the executives of marketing or production departments. –– The purchasing departments of these companies act as a data storage of current activities rather than gathering information about supplier environments, sharing such information with other departments and transferring it into strategic decisions.

Keywords:

decision making, purchase decision, food industry,

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