Marmara ve Karadeniz Kıyılarındaki Güncel Sedimanlar İçinde Antroposen’in Varlığına Ait Yeni Bulgular

Sanayileşme, fosil yakıtların kullanımı, kontrolsüz tarım ve buna benzer insan faaliyetleri her geçen gün artmakta, bu faaliyetler sonucunda doğada bir takım değişiklikler ve antropojenik kirlikler meydana gelmektedir. Bu çalışma kapsamında, Marmara’da İzmit Körfezi (IZC-01), Karadeniz’de Sürmene (SC-01) ve Hopa (HC-01) kıyılarından alınan karot örnekleri, antropojenik kirliliğin varlığının araştırılması adına, litolojik, sedimantolojik, paleontolojik ve jeokimyasal açıdan incelenmiş, her bir karottan 15 numune olmak üzere toplamda 45 örneğin As, Ba, Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni, Ti ve Zn gibi ağır metal konsantrasyonları değerlendirilmiştir. Karot örneklerindeki As, Ba, Pb, Cr, Ni, ve Zn elementlerinin analiz sonuçları kullanılarak hesaplanan PLI (Kirlilik Yükü İndeksi; Pollution Load Index) kirlilik değerleri, İzmit Körfezi için 3.255, Sürmene ve Hopa’da sırasıyla 2.195 ve 1.706 olarak ölçülmüştür. Hesaplanan PLI değerleri sonuçları, İzmit Körfezi’nin kabul edilir kirlilik seviyesinin üzerinde, Sürmene ve Hopa’nın ise kirli olmalarına rağmen nispeten daha az kirli olduğunu göstermektedir. Bunun yanında EF (Zenginleşme Faktörü; Enrichment Factor) değerleri, İzmit Körfezi’nde As, Ni ve Cr elementlerinin belirgin bir zenginleşme, Pb ve Zn elementlerinin ise orta derecede zenginleştiğine işaret eder. Sürmene ve Hopa lokasyonlarında ise As, Ba ve Cr gibi elementler yetersiz zenginleşme gösterirken, Ni, Pb ve Zn elementlerde belirgin bir zenginleşme olduğu gözlenmiştir. Marmara karotu özelinde kirliğe bağlı gelişmiş jips kristalizasyonu da dikkat çekicidir. Karotlardaki paleontolojik bulguların bolluğu ve çeşitliliği de, kirlilik oranlarıyla uyumlu şekilde azalıp artar. Her 3 karotta da derine gidildikçe Pb, Zn, Cr ve As gibi elementlerin konsatrasyonlarında bir azalma olduğu görülmüş ve bu azalmaların anomali verdiği seviyelerden alınan kavkıların radyokarbon yaşları sırasıyla Sürmene’de 420±55 (GÖ), Hopa’da 500±50 (GÖ) olarak elde edilmiştir. Ayrıca bölgede yapılan diğer sedimantasyon hızına dayanan çalışmaların sonuçları ile bu yaşlar uyumluluk gösterir. Belirlenen bu yaş aralıkları Antroposen’in başlangıcı ile ilgili literatürdeki görüşler ile karşılaştırılmış ve değişimlerin bariz bir şekilde gözlendiği seviyeler, olası Antroposen sınırı olarak yorumlanmıştır

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Ağır metal analizi, Antropojenik kirlilik, Antroposen, Karadeniz, Marmara

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