Çizgisellikler Yardımı ile Tektonik ve Volkanik Yapıların Belirlenmesi: Çan-Etili (Çanakkale) Linyit Havzası Örneği

Bu çalışmada, Çan-Etili Linyit havzasında gelişmiş volkanik ve tektonik yapıların uydu görüntüleri yardımıyla belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çan-Etili linyit havzası, Oligosen-Erken Miyosen yaşlı volkanitler (Çan Volkanitleri) ile üzerine uyumsuz olarak gelen erken-Orta Miyosen yaşlı linyit içerikli akarsu ve göl tortullarından (Çan formasyonu) oluşur. Bu çalışmayı gerçekleştirebilmek için iki farklı uydu görüntüsü (ASTER ve ALOS-PALSAR) ve bölgenin sayısal yükseklik modeli (SYM) kullanılmıştır. Multispektral optik uzaktan algılama verileri, materyal bileşimi hakkında bilgi sağlarken radar verileri, yüzeysel engebe ve morfolojiyi daha iyi yansıtmaktadır. Uydu görüntülerinde çizgiselliklerin haritalanması sırasında görsel değerlendirmenin yanı sıra görüntü işleme teknikleri de kullanılmıştır. Çizgiselliklerin haritalanması için ASTER uydu görüntülerine çeşitli yönlü filtreler uygulanmıştır. PALSAR üzerindeki çizgisellikler görsel yöntemlerle belirlenmiştir. Çalışma alanında SYM verisi ile ASTER ve PALSAR uydu görüntüleri kullanılarak, çizgisellikler haritalanmıştır. Bu sonuçlara göre çizgiselliklerin önemli bir bölümü KD-GB doğrultusunda olduğu görülmüştür. Bu yönelim KD-GB doğrultulu Çan-Etili fayı ile uyumludur. Bunun yanında, uydu görüntülerinden elde edilen bazı kavisli çizgisel yapılar, kaldera gelişimi ile ilişkili olarak yorumlanmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

çizgisellik analizleri, volkanik yapılar, ALOS/PALSAR, ASTER, Çan-Etili havzası, çizgisellik analizleri, volkanik yapılar

Determination of Tectonic and Volcanic Structures with the aid of Lineaments: Example from Çan-Etili (Canakkale) Lignite Basin

In this study, the aim is to determine the volcanic and tectonic structures developed in the “Çan-Etili Lignite basin” with the aid of satellite images. The Çan-Etili lignite basin consists of Oligocene-Early Miocene volcanics (Çan Volcanics) overlying early-Middle Miocene lignite-bearing stream and lake sediments (Çan formation) occurring above an unconformity. In order to complete this study, two different satellite images (ASTER and ALOS-PALSAR) and a digital elevation model (DEM) of the region were used. Multispectral optical remote sensing data provide information about material composition, while radar data reflect surface topography and morphology better. During mapping of lineaments on satellite images, in addition to visual assessment, image processing techniques were used. A variety of orientation filters were applied to ASTER satellite images for lineament mapping. The lineaments on PALSAR images were determined with visual methods.

Keywords:

lineament analysis, volcanic structures, ALOS/PALSAR, ASTER, lineament analysis, Çan-Etili basin, volcanic structures,

PDF

___

Abrams, M. and Ramachadram, S., 2003. ASTER user handbook. Pasadena: Jet Propulsion laboratory, California Institute of Technology 135. https://asterweb.jpl.nasa.gov/content/03_data/04_Documents/aster_user_guide_v2.pdf, 27 June 2019.
Balkış, M. and Yazıcı, B., 1996. Çan Linyit İşletme Raporu. Türkiye Kömür İşletmeleri, Çanakkale (in Turkish, unpublished).
Bozcu, M., Akgün, F., Gürdal, G., Bozcu, A., Yeşilyurt, S.K. and Karaca, Ö., 2008. Sedimentologic, petrologic, geochemical and palinologic examination of Çan Yenice Bayramic (Çanakkale) lignite basin. The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBİTAK) Project Report No.105Y114, 215 (in Turkish).
Bozcu, M., Akgün, F., Gürdal, G., Bozcu, A., Yeşilyurt, S.K. and Karaca, Ö., Akkiraz, M.S., 2015. Evolution of Çan-Etili (Çanakkale-NWTurkey) lignite basin: Sedimentology, petrology, palynology and lignite characterization. International Journal of Sediment Research, 30, 190–207.
Chorowicz, J., Dhont, D. and Gündoğdu, N., 1999. Neotectonics in the eastern North Anatolian fault region (Turkey) advocates crustal extension: mapping from SAR ERS imagery and Digital Elevation Model. Journal of Structural Geology, 21, 511–532.
Collet, B., Taud, H., Parrot, J.F., Bonavia, F. and Chorowicz, J., 2000. A new kinematic approach for the Danakil block using a Digital Elevation Model representation. Tectonophysics, 316, 343–357.
Ercan, T., Satir, M., Steinitz, G., Dora, A., Sarifakioglu, E., Adis, C., Walter, H.J. and Yildirim, T., 1995. Characteristics of the Tertiary volcanism in the Biga Peninsula, Gökçeada, Bozcaada and Tavşanadası, NW Anatolia. Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration, 117, 55–86 (in Turkish).
Ganas, A., Pavlides, S. and Karastathis, V., 2005. DEM-based morphometry of range-front escarpments in Attica, central Greece, and its relation to fault slip rates. Geomorphology, 65 (3-4), 301-319.
Hamazaki, T., 1999. PALSAR Performance, NASDA doc. NBF99019, National Space Development Agency of Japan, Oct. 1999.
Hariri, M., 1995. Lineaments studies and fracture control on the Tertiary gold-silver deposits, Northern Black Hills, South Dakota, USA. Ph.D. thesis, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, USA.
Heddi, M., Eastaff, D.J. and Petch, J., 1999. Relationships between tectonic and geomorphological linear features in The Guadix-Baza Basin, Southern Spain. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 24 (10), 931-942.
Hezarfen, C., 1976. Çanakkale-Çan coal bed feasibility study, Geology-1, Mineral Research and Exploration Report, No: 367, 24 p (unpublished report).
Hobbs, W.H., 1904. Lineaments of The Atlantic Border Region. Geological Society American Bulletin, 15, 483-506.
Jordan, G., 2003. Morphometric analysis and tectonic interpretation of digital terrain data: a case study. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 28 (8), 807-822.
Jordan, G., Meijninger, B.M.L., van Hinsbergen, D.J.J., Meulenkamp, J.E. and van Dijk, P.M., 2005. Extraction of morphotectonic features from DEMs_Development and applications for study areas in Hungary and NW Greece. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation 7, 163–182.
Kavak, K.Ş. and Çetin, H., 2007. A detailed geologic lineament analysis using Landsat TM Data of Gölmarmara/Manisa region, Turkey. Online Journal of Earth Sciences Online Journal of Earth Sciences 1 (3), 145-153.
Morelli, M. and Piana, F., 2006. Comparison between remote sensed lineaments and geological structures in intensively cultivated hills (Monferrato and Langhe domains, NW Italy). International Journal of Remote Sensing, 27, 4471–4493.
Okada, K. and Ishii, M., 1993. Mineral and lithological mapping using thermal infrared remotely sensed data from ASTER simulator. Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, 1993. IGARSS ’93. ‘Better Understanding of Earth Environment’, International 1, 126-128.
Okay, A.I., Siyako, M. and Burkan, K.A., 1990. Geology and tectonic evolution of the Biga Peninsula, Bulletin of the Turkish Association of Petroleum Geologists, 2 (1), 83–121.
O’Leary, D.W., Freidman J.D. and Pohn H.A., 1976. Lineament, linear, lineation: Some proposed new definitions for old terms. Geological Society of America Bulletin 87 (10), 1463-1469.
Oliveira, C., Filho, A. and Rossetti, D.F., 2012. Effectiveness of SRTM and ALOS-PALSAR data for identifying morphostructural lineaments in northeastern Brazil. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 33 (4), 1058-1077.
Över, S., Kavak, K.Ş., Bellier, O. and Özden, S., 2004. Is the Amik Basin (SE-Turkey) a Triple Junction Area? Analyses of SPOT XS Imagery and Seismicity, International Journal of Remote Sensing, 25 (19) 3857-3872.
Permenter, J.L. and Oppenheimer, C., 2007. Volcanoes of the Tibesti massif (Chad, northern Africa). Bulletin of Volcanology, 69 (6), 609–626.
Pieri, D. and Abrams, M., 2004. ASTER watches the world’s volcanoes: a new paradigm for volcanological observations from orbit. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 135 (1–2) 13-28.
Ramsey, M., Flynn, L. and Wright, R. (eds), 2004. Volcanic observations from space: New results from the EOS satellite instruments. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 135 (1-2), 1–219.
Rowan, L.C. and Bowers, T.L., 1995. Analysis of linear features mapped in Landsat thematic mapper and side-looking airborne radar images of the Reno 1ß by 2ß Quadrangle, Nevada and California: Implications for Mineral Resource Studies. Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, 61, 749-759.
Saepuloh, A. and Trianaputri. M.O., 2015. Observing ground surface change series at active volcanoes in Indonesia using backscattering intensity of SAR data. AIP Conference Proceedings 4th International Symposium on Earthquake and Disaster Mitigation 2015 (ISEDM 2015) vol 1658 (AIP Publishing) p. 50011,
Saepuloh, A., Bakker, E. and Suminar, W., 2016. The Significance of SAR Remote Sensing In Volcano-Geology For Hazard and Resource Potential Mapping. AIP Conf. Proc., 1857, 070005-1 070005-10.
Sukumar, M., Venkatesan, N. and Nelson Kennedy Babu, C., 2014. A review of various lineament detection techniques for high resolution satellite images. International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering, 4 (3), 72-78.
Süzen, M.L. and Toprak, V., 1998. Filtering of Satellite Images in Geological Lineament Analyses: An Application to A Fault Zone in Central Turkey. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 196 (6), 1101-1114.
Zakir, F.A., Qari, M.H.T. and Mostafa, M.E., 1999. Technical note a new optimizing technique for preparing lineament density maps. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 20, 1073-1085.