12052

İnci Kefalinde (Chalcalburnus tarichi, Pallas 1811) Listeria Türlerinin Varlığı ve Yaygınlığı

Van Gölü yüksek derecede alkali (pH 9.8) ve tuzlu (%0.21) suyu ile hem deniz hem de tatlı su balıklarının yaşamı için çok elverişli bir ortam değildir ve gölde sadece inci kefali (Chalcalburnus tarichi, Pallas 1811) bulunmaktadır. Bu araştırmada, Van Gölü’nde endemik bir tür olarak yaşayan ve 12 ay süreyle toplam 160 defa alınan inci kefali örneklerinde Listeria türlerinin varlığı ve yaygınlığı incelenmiştir. Listeria türlerinin izolasyon ve identifikasyonunda United States Department of Agriculture/Food Safety and Inspection Service (USDA/FSIS) tarafından önerilen metot kullanılmıştır. İncelenen inci kefali örneklerinin 20 (%12.50)’sinde Listeria spp. izole edilmiş ve bunların 10 (%6.25)’unda L. innocua, 8 (%5.00)’inde L. welshimeri ve 2 (%1.25)’sinde de L. ivanovii identifiye edilmiştir. Bu araştırma ile mevsimlere göre incelenen inci kefali örneklerinde Listeria türlerinin varlığı ilk defa ortaya konmuştur. Hiçbir örnekte insanlar için önemli bir patojen olan L. monocytogenes’in belirlenmemesi bu balıkların listeriozis yönünden bir halk sağlığı riski oluşturmadığının göstergesi olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, gerek Listeria spp. (özellikle L. monocytogenes) ve diğer patojen mikroorganizmaların halk sağlığı riski oluşturmaması ve gerekse balıkların bozulmasının önlenerek ekonomik kayıpların önüne geçilmesi için, avlanan balıkların nakil, depolama ve pazarlamasının hijyenik şartlarda ve soğukta yapılmasının gerekli olduğu kanaatine varılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Balık, İnci kefali (Chalcalburnus tarichi), Listeria spp.

Presence and Prevalence of Listeria Species in the Inci Kefali (Chalcalburnus tarichi, Pallas 1811)

Lake Van is not a very convenient environment for life of both sea and freshwater fish due to its high alkaline (pH 9.8) and salty (0.21%) water and only pearl mullet (Chalcalburnus tarichi, Pallas 1811) are present in the lake. In this study, the presence and prevalence of Listeria species in samples of the pearl mullet (Chalcalburnus tarichi, Pallas 1811) living as an endemic species in Lake Van and taken a total of 160 times for 12 months were examined. The method recommended by the United States Department of Agriculture/Food Safety and Inspection Service (USDA/FSIS) was used for the isolation and identification of Listeria species. Among the pearl mullet samples examined, Listeria spp. were isolated in 20 (12.50%) and of them L. innocua in 10 (6.25%) and L. welshimeri in 8 (5.00%) and L. ivanovii in 2 (1.25%) were identified. In this study, the presence of Listeria species in pearl mullet samples examined according to the seasons was revealed for the first time. Failure to identification of L. monocytogenes in any of the samples that is an important pathogen for humans, was assessed as an indicator that these fish did not constitute a public health risk in terms of listeriosis. As a result, Listeria spp. and other pathogenic microorganisms not to pose a risk to public health and in order to prevent the deterioration of fishes and reduce the economic losses, the transportation, storage and marketing of the caught fishes should be done under hygienic and cold conditions.

Keywords:

Fish, Inci kefali (Chalcalburnus tarichi), Listeria spp.,

PDF

___

Adesiyun AA (1993). Prevalence of Listeria spp., Campylobacter spp., Salmonella spp., Yersinia spp. and toxigenic Escherichia coli on meat and seafods in Trinidad. Food Mic, 10, 395-403.
Andre P, Genicot A (1987). First isolation of Listeria welshimeri in a human. Zentralbl. Bacteriol. Microbiol und Hygiene, Series A, 263 (4), 605-606.
Baek SN, Lim SN, Lee DH, Min KH, Kim CM (2000). Incidence and characterization of Listeria monocytogenes from domestic and imported foods in Korea. J Food Prot, 63 (2), 186-189.
Bahk J, Marth EH (1990). Listeriosis and Listeria monocytogenes. Chapter 18, In: Foodborne Diseases, Cliver DO (Ed), 247-257, Academic Press Inc, San Diego, California.
Bortolussi R, Schlech III WF, Albritton WL (1985). Listeria. Chapter 19, In: Manual of Clinical Microbiology, Lennette EH (Ed), 205-208, 4th Ed, American Society for Microbiology, Washington, DC, USA.
Boynukara B, Sancak YC, Baydaş B, Sancak H, Berktaş M (1995). Van Gölünün mikrobiyolojik kirliliği ve halk sağlığı açısından değerlendirilmesi. Veterinarium, 6 (1-2), 37-39.
Brackett RE (1988). Presence and persistence of L. monocytogenes in food and water. Food Tech, 4, 162-164.
Buchanan RL, Stahl HG, Bencivengo MM, Corral FD (1989). Comparison of lithium chloride-phenylethanol-moxalactam and modified vogel jhonson agars for detection of Listeria spp. in retail-level meats, poultry, and seafood. Appl Environ Mic, 55, 599-603.
Colburn KG, Kaysner CA, Abeyta CJR, Wekell MM (1990). Listeria species in a California coast Estuarine environment, Appl Environ Mic, 56 (7), 2007-2011.
Cook LV (1998). Isolation and Identification of Listeria monocytogenes from Red Meat, Poultry, Egg and Enviromental Samples, Chapter 8, In: “USDA/FSIS Microbiology Laboratory Guidebook, 3rd Ed, USA.
Curiale MS, Lewus C (1994). Detection of L. monocytogenes in samples containing L. innocua. J Food Prot, 57 (12), 1048-1051.
Danulat E, Selcuk B (1992). Life history and environmental conditions of the anadromous Chalcalburnus tarichi (Cyprinidae) in the highly alkaline lake Van, Eastern Anatolia, Turkey. Arch Hidrobiol, 126 (1), 105-125.
Davies AR, Capell C, Jehanno D, Nychas GJE, Kirby RM (2001). Incidence of foodborne pathogens on European fish. Food Control, 12, 67-71.
Elibol C (2003). Van’da çiğ olarak tüketime sunulan tavuk etlerinde Listeria türlerinin varlığı ve yaygınlığı üzerine araştırmalar. Doktora Tezi, Yüzüncü Yıl Üniv Sağlık Bil Enst, Van.
El-Kest SE, Yousef AE, Marth EH (1991). Fate of Listeria monocytogenes during freezing and frozen storage. J Food Sci, 56, 1068-1071.
Embarek PKB (1994). Presence, detection and growth of L. monocytogenes in seafood, a review. Int J Food Mic, 23, 17-34.
Embarek PKB, Hansen LT, Enger O, Huss HH (1997). Occurence of Listeria spp. in farmed salmon and during subsequent slaughter: comparison of Listertest lift and the USDA method. Food Mic, 14, 39-46.
Erol İ, Şireli UT (1999). Donmuş broiler karkaslarında Listeria monocytogenes’in varlığı ve serotip dağılımı. Tr J Vet Animal Sci, 23 (4), 765-770.
Erol İ, Şireli UT, Gündeş B (1999). Piliç parça et ve iç organlarında Listeria türlerinin varlığı ve kontaminasyon düzeyinin belirlenmesi. Ankara Üniv Vet Fak Derg, 46, 179-188.
Facinelli B, Varaldo PE, Toni M, Casolari C, Fabio U (1989). Ignorance about Listeria. BMJ, 299 (6701), 738.
Farber JM (1991). Listeria monocytogenes in fish products. J Food Prot, 54 (12), 922-934.
Farber JM, Peterkin PI (1991). L. monocytogenes, a food-borne pathogen, a review. Mic Rev, 55, 476-511.
Fleming DW, Cochi SL, MacDonald KL, Brondum J, Hayes PS, Plikaytis BD, Holmes MB, Audurier A, Broome CV, Reingold AL (1985). Pasteurized milk as a vehicle of infection in an outbreak of listeriosis. The New England J Med, 312 (7), 404-407.
Fuchs RS, Surendran PK (1989). Incidence of Listeria in tropical fish and fishery products, Lett Appl Mic, 9, 49-51.
Genigeorgis CA, Dutulescu D, Garayzabal JF (1989). Prevalence of Listeria spp. in poultry meat at the supermarket and slaughterhouse level. J Food Prot, 52 (9), 618-624, 630.
Gohil VS, Ahmed MA, Davies R, Robinson RK (1995). Incidence of Listeria spp. in retail foods in the United Arab Emirates. J Food Prot, 58 (1), 102-104.
Gökalp HY, Kaya M, Tülek Y, Zorba Ö (1995). Et ve Ürünlerinde Kalite Kontrolü ve Laboratuvar Uygulama Kılavuzu. 2. Baskı, Atatürk Üniv Zir Fak Ofset Tesisi, Erzurum.
Guyer S, Jemmi T (1991). Behavior of Listeria monocytogenes during fabrication and storage of experimentally contaminated smoked Salmon. Appl Environ Mic, 57 (5), 1523-1527.
Heinitz ML, Johnson JM (1998). The incidence of Listeria spp., Salmonella spp., and Clostridium botulinum in smoked fish and shellfish. J Food Prot, 61 (3), 318-323. Isleyici O, Sancak YC, Sagun E, Ekici K (2006). Listeria species in Cig Kofte. The Indian Vet J, 83 (9), 1023-1024.
Jones D, Seeliger HPR (1992). The Genus Listeria, Chapter 71, In: The Prokaryotes, 1595-1616, Balows A, Trüper HG, Dworkin M, Harder W, Schleifer KH (Ed), 2nd Ed, Vol 2, Springer-Verlag, New York, USA.
Karunasagar I, Karunasagar I (2000). Listeria in tropical fish and fishery products. Int J Food Mic, 62, 177-181.
Kılınççeker O, Küçüköner E (2003). Tuzlanmış inci kefali (Chalcalburnus tarichi) balığında fiziksel, kimyasal ve biyokimyasal değişimlerin saptanması. Yüzüncü Yıl Üniv Zir Fak Tar Bil Derg, 13 (1), 55-59.
Kuru M (1985). Omurgalı Hayvanlar Sistematiği. Hacettepe Üniv Fen Fak Yay, Ders Kitapları Dizisi: 7, 2. Baskı, Hacettepe Üniv Fen Fak Basımevi, Beytepe, Ankara.
Küçüköner E, Yurt B, Gençcelep H (2001). Van Gölü havzasında yaşayan İnci kefali (Chalcalburnus tarichi)’nin bazı kimyasal özelliklerinin araştırılması. Dünya Gıda, 60, 90-91.
Lennon D, Lewis B, Mantell C, Becroft D, Dove B, Farmer K, Tonkin S, Yeates N, Stamp R, Mickleson K (1984). Epidemic perinatal listeriosis. Pediatr Infect Dis, 3, 30-34.
Linnan MJ, Mascola L, Lou XD, Goulet V, May S, Salminen C, Hird DW, Yonekura ML, Hayes P, Weaver R, Audurier A, Plikaytis BD, Fannin SL, Kleks A, Broome CV (1988). Epidemic listeriosis associated with Mexican-style cheese. The New England J Med, 319 (13), 823-828.
Manoj YB, Rosalind GM, Karunasagar I, Karunasagar I (1991). Listeria spp. in fish and fish handling areas, Mangalore, India. Asian Fish Sci, 4, 119-122.
Nitcheva L, Yonkova V, Popov V, Manev C (1990). Listeria isolation from foods of animal origin. Acta Mic Hungarica, 37 (2), 223-225.
Norrung B, Andersen JK, Schlundt J (1999). Incidence and control of Listeria monocytogenes in foods in Denmark. Int J Food Mic, 53, 195-203.
Petran RL, Swanson MJ (1993). Simultaneous growth of L. monocytogenes and L. innocua. J Food Prot, 56 (7), 616-618.
Pinner RW, Schuchat A, Swaminathan B, Hayes PS, Deaver KA, Weaver RE, Plikaytis BD, Reeves M, Broome CV, Wenger JD (1992). Role of foods in sporadic listeriosis, II-Microbiologic and epidemiologic investigation. JAMA, 267 (15), 2046-2050.
Pullela S, Fernandes CF, Flick GJ, Libey GS, Smith SA, Coale CW (1998). Indicative and pathogenic microbiological quality of aquacultured finfish grown in different production systems. J Food Prot, 61 (2), 205-210.
Sağun E, Sancak YC, İşleyici Ö, Ekici K (2001). Van ve çevresi süt ve otlu peynirlerinde Listeria türlerinin varlığı ve yaygınlığı üzerine bir araştırma. Tr J Vet Animal Sci, 25, 15-19.
Sancak YC, İşleyici Ö, Elibol C, Ekici K (2003). Van’da tüketime sunulan kremalı pastalarda Listeria türlerinin varlığının belirlenmesi. Yüzüncü Yıl Üniv Vet Fak Derg, 13 (1-2), 8-11.
Sarı M (2001). Van Gölü İnci Kefalı (Chalcalburnus tarichi, PALLAS 1811) Stok Miktarının Tahmini ve Balıkçılık Yönetim Esaslarının Belirlenmesi. 1. Baskı, Sena Ofset, İstanbul.
Schlech III WF, Lavigne PM, Bortolussi RA, Allen AC, Haldane EV, Wort AJ, Hightower AW, Johnson SE, King SH, Nicholls ES, Broome CV (1983). Epidemic listeriosis-evidence for transmission by food. The New England J Med, 308 (4), 203-206.
Seeliger HPR, Jones D (1986). Genus Listeria, In: Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, 1235-1245, Sneath PHA, Mair NS, Sharpe ME, Holt JG (Ed). Vol 2, Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore.
Skovgaard NC, Morgen A (1988). Detection of Listeria spp. in faeces from animals, in feelds and raw foods of animal origin. Int J Food Microbiol, 6, 229-242.
Şireli UT, Erol İ (1999). Hazır kıymalarda Listeria türlerinin araştırılması. Tr J Vet Animal Sci, 23 (2), 373-380.
Varabioff Y (1990). Incidence and recovery of Listeria from chicken with a pre-enrichment tecnique. J Food Prot, 53, 555-557.
Vaz-Velho M, Duarte G, Gibbs P (2001). Comparison of two pre-enrichments broths for recovering Listeria spp. from salmon (Salmo salar) and salmon-trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Food Control, 12, 357-359.
Walker SJ, Archer P, Banks JG (1990). Growth of L. monocytogenes at refrigeration temperatures. J Appl Bacteriol, 68, 157-162.
Weagant SD, Sado PN, Colburn KG, Torkelson JD, Stanley FA, Krane MH, Shields SC, Thayer CF (1988). The incidence of Listeria species in frozen seafood products. J Food Prot, 51 (8), 655-657.