Cari Menger occupies a pre-eminent position both in the history of economics and the history of the social sciences. His contributions fail within two clearly defined fields: economic theory and methodology. The present article is concemed with his methodological contributions. in order to understand his methodological position and contribu­tions, his intelectual environment should be analyzed in details. in the second section of this article, it is argued that the intelectual environment which underlies his work was Austrian philosophy that is different from the dominant German philosophy of that time. in the third section, the methodological views of Menger is examined and it is argued that Menger's views constitute a kind of anti-extremist and mean position in methodological disputes.