Dil ve/veya Konuşma Sorunu Olan Çocukların Annelerinde Depresif Belirtiler

Çocuklarda iletişim becerilerinin gelişiminde ve dil ve/veya konuşma sorunlarına yönelik müdahale sürecinde anneler önemli rol üstlenmektedir. Çalışmada, dil ve/veya konuşma sorunları olan çocukların annelerinin depresif belirti varlığı açısından incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Fonolojik bozukluk (n=40), akıcılık sorunu (n=34), dil-konuşma gecikmesi (n=42) bulunan 3-12 yaş aralığındaki çocukların annelerindeki depresif belirtiler dilkonuşma sorunu bulunmayan çocukların anneleri (n=45) ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Veriler görüşmelerde demografik bilgi formunun ve Beck Depresyon Envanterinin (BDE) uygulanması yoluyla toplanmıştır. Çocuklarında dil-konuşma gecikmesi ve fonolojik bozukluk bulunan annelerin BDE puanları dil-konuşma sorunu olmayan çocukların annelerine göre yüksek bulunmuştur (p<0.05). Dil sorunu olan çocukların anneleri arasında BDE için yükselmiş değer olarak kabul edilen 9’un üzerinde puan alanların oranı, akıcılık sorunu grubuna ve dil-konuşma sorunsuz gruba nazaran daha yüksektir. Depresyonun anne ve çocuk üzerindeki sonuçlarının önlenebilmesi için dil sorunları olan çocukların anneleri depresif belirtiler açısından değerlendirilmelidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

anne depresyonu, dil-konuşma gecikmesi, dil bozukluğu, Beck Depresyon Envanteri

PDF

___

Andrews, L. W. (2010). Encyclopedia of depression: Vol 1. California: Greenwood.
Beck, A. T. (1961). An inventory for measuring depression. Archives of General Psychiatry, 4: 561-571.
Beck A. T., Steer R. A. ve Garbin M. G. (1988). Psychometric properties of the Beck Depression Inventory: twenty-five years of evaluation. Clinical Psychology Review 8, 77–100.
De Cesaro, B. C., Gurgel, L. G., Nunes, G. P. C. ve Reppold, C. T. (2013). Child language interventions in public health: a systematic literature review. CoDAS, 25(6), 588-594. doi: 10.1590/S2317-17822014000100012.
Field, T. (2010). Postpartum depression effects on early interactions, parenting, and safety practices: A review. Infant Behavior & Development, 33: 1-6.
Grace, S. L. ve Sansom, S. (2003). The effect of postpartum depression on the mother-infant relationship and child growth and development. D.E. Stewart, E. Robertson, C. L. Dennis, S.L. Grace ve ve T. Wallington (Ed). Postpartum depression: Literature review of risk factors and interventions içinde (s. 197-251). Toronto: Toronto Public Health.
Grässel, E., Bock V. ve Rosanowski, F. (2007). Critical factors for subjective burden of mothers of children with developmental language disorders. HNO, 55(7): 575-82.
Hisli, N. (1988) Beck depresyon envanterinin geçerliliği üzerine bir çalışma. Psikoloji Dergisi, 22: 118-126.
Hisli, N. (1989). Beck Depresyon Envanteri’nin üniversite öğrencileri için geçerliği ve güvenirliği. Psikoloji Dergisi, 7(23), 3-13.
Hodapp, R.M., Dykens, E.M., ve Masino, L.L. (1997). Families of children with Prader-Willi syndrome: Stress support and relations to child characteristics. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 27: 11-24.
Hollins, S., Woodward, S. ve Hollins, K. (2010). Parenting an infant with a disability. S. Tyano, M. Keren, H. Herman ve J. Cox (Ed). Parenthood and mental health: A bridge between infant and adult psychiatry içinde (s. 300-310). UK: Wiley-Blackwell.
Kaplan, P. S., Danko, C. M., Everhart, K. D., Diaz, A., Asherin, R., Vogeli, J. ve Fekri, S. (2014). Maternal depression and expressive communication in one-year-old infants. Infant Behavior and Development, 37(3): 398–405. doi:10.1016/j.infbeh.2014.05.008.
Kendall, P., Hollon S., Beck A. K., Hammen, C. L. ve Ingram, R. E. (1987). Issues and recommendations regarding use of the Beck depression inventory. Cognitive Therapy and Research II, 289–299.
Kraft, S. J., ve Yairi, E. (2011). Genetic bases of stuttering: The state of the art. Folia Phoniatrica et Logopaedica, 64(1), 34–47. doi: 10.1159/000331073
La Paro, K., Justice, L., Skibbe, L. E. ve Pianta, R. C. (2004). Relations among maternal, child, and demographic factors and the persistence of preschool language impairment.American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 13: 291-303. doi: 10.1044/1058-0360(2004/030).
Law, J., Boyle, J., Harris, F., Harkness, A. ve Nye, C. (2000). Prevalence and natural history of primary speech and language delay: Findings from a systematic review of the literature. International Journal of Language and Communication Disorders, 35(2), 165-188.
Law, J., Garrett, Z. ve Nye, C. (2003). Speech and language therapy interventions for children with primary speech and language delay or disorder. Cochrane Database System Review (3).doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD004110.
Limm, H. ve Suchodoletz, W.V. (1998). Perception of stress by mothers of children with language development disorders. Praxis Der Kinderpsychologie und Kinderpsychiatrie, 47(8): 541-551.
Long, C. E, Gurka, M. J. ve Blackman, J. A. (2008). Family stress and children’s language and behavior problems: Results from the national survey of children’s health. Topics in Early Childhood Special Education, 28 (3), 148-157.
Lovejoy, M. C., Graczyk, P. A., O’Hare, E. ve Neuman, G. (2000). Maternal depression and parenting behavior: A meta-analytic review. Clinical Psychology Review, 20(5): 561-592.
Lundy, B., Field, T. ve Pickens, J. (1996). Newborns of mothers with depressive symptoms are less expressive. Infant Behavior and Development, 19: 419-424.
Milgrom, J., Westley, D. T. ve Gemmell, A. W. (2004). The mediating role of maternal responsiveness in some longer term effects of postnatal depression on infant development. Infant Behavior and Development, 27: 443–454.
Mulvaney, C. ve Kendrick, D. (2005). Depressive symptoms in mothers of pre-school children: effects of deprivation, social support, stress and neigbourhood social capital. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 40: 202-208.
National Research Council (US) and Institute of Medicine (US) Committee on Depression, Parenting Practices, and the Healthy Development of Children. (2009). M. J. England ve L.J. Sim (Ed). Depression in parents, parenting, and children: Opportunities to improve identification, treatment, and prevention. Washington (DC): National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12565
Olsson, M. B. ve Hwang, C. P. (2001). Depression in mothers and fathers of children with intellectual disability. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 45(6), 535-543.
Plante, E. M. ve Beeson, P. M. (2008). Communication and communication disorders: A clinical introduction. (3. bs.). USA: Pearson.
Quittner, A. L., Barker, D. H., Cruz, I., Snell, C., Grimley, M. E. ve Botteri, M. (2010). Parenting stress among deaf and hearing children: Associations with language delays and behavior problems. Parenting: Science and Practice, 10(2): 136-155.
Ramig, P. R. ve Dodge, D. M. (2009). The child and adolescent stuttering and activity resource guide. USA: Delmar Cengage Learning.
Reddon, J., McDonald, L. ve Kysela, G. (1992). Parental coping and family stress: I. Resources for and functioning of families with a preschool child having a developmental disability, Early Child Development and Care, 83: 1-26.
Righetti-Veltema, M., Bousquet, A. ve Manzano, J. (2003). Impact of postpartum depressive symptoms on mother and her 18-month-old infant. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 12: 73-83.
Rudolph, M., Rosanowski, F., Eysholdt, U. ve Kummer, P. (2003). Anxiety and depression in mothers of speech impaired children. International Journal of Pediactric Otorhinolaryngology, 67: 1337-1341.
Schaunig, I., Willinger, U., Diendorfer-Radner, G., Hager, V., Jörgl, G., Sirsch, U ve Sams, J. (2004). Parenting Stress Index and specific language impairment. Praxis Der Kinderpsychologie und Kinderpsychiatrie, 53(6): 395-405.
Singer, G. H. S. (2006) Meta-analysis of comparative studies of depression in mothers of children with and without developmental disabilities. American Journal on Mental Retardation, 111(3): 155-169.
Stein, A., Malmberg, L. E., Sylva, K., Barnes, J., Leach, P. ve the FCCC team. (2008). The Influence of maternal depression, caregiving, and socioeconomic status in the post-natal year on children’s language development. Child: Care, Health, & Development, 34: 603–612. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2214.
Téllez, A., García, C. H. ve Corral-Verdugo, V. (2015). Effect size, confidence intervals and statistical power in psychological research. Psychology in Russia: State of the Art, 8(3), 27-47.
Tempel, A. B., Wagner, S.M. ve McNeill, C. B. (2009). Parent-child interaction therapy and language facilitation: The role of parent-training on language development. The Journal of Speech and Language Pathology-Applied Behavior Analysis, 3(2-3), 216-232. doi: 10.1037/h0100241.
Umemura, T., Jacobvitz, D., Messina, S. ve Hazen, N. (2013). Do toddlers prefer the primary caregiver or the parent with whom they feel more secure? The role of toddler emotion. Infant Behavior and Development, 36: 102–114.
Veisson, M. (1999). Depression symptoms and emotional states in parents of disabled and nondisabled children. Social Behavior and Personality, 27(2), 87-97.