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Benlik Kurguları ve Mutluluk: Deneysel Bir Hazırlama Çalışması

Bireysel farklılıkları açıklamada kullanılan kavramlardan benlik kurguları durumsal olarak uyandırılabilmekte ve belirli bir benlik kurgusu baskın hale getirilebilmektedir. Bu çalışma da bağımsız benlik kurgusu ve karşılıklı-bağımlı benlik kurgusunun Türkiye’den seçilen bir örneklemde farklı kültürlerde başarıyla uygulanan deneysel hazırlama (priming) yöntemleri ile belirgin hale getirilip getirilemeyeceği ve belirgin hale getirilen bu benlik kurgularının öznel iyi oluş olarak kavramsallaştırılan mutlulukla ilişkisi incelemiştir. Araştırma grubunu iki üniversiteden seçilen lisans öğrencileri oluşturmuş; bu öğrenciler bağımsız benlik, karşılıklıbağımlı benlik ve kontrol grubu olmak üzere üç farklı gruba ayrılmışlardır. Katılımcıların benlik kurgularını uyandırmak amacıyla daha önceki çalışmalarda uygulanan hazırlama yöntemleri arasında en sıklıkla kullanılan iki görev kullanılmıştır. Katılımcılar bu görevleri tamamladıktan hemen sonra bir benlik tanımlama testine ve yaşam doyumu, pozitif duygu durumu ve negatif duygu durumu ölçeklerine yanıt vermiştir. Benlik tanımlama testinden elde edilen bulgular, benlik kurgusu hazırlama görevlerinin başarılı olduğunu göstermiştir. Ayrıca gruplar arasında öznel iyi oluş bakımından farklılıklar ortaya konulmuştur. Bağımsız benlik kurgusu hazırlanan katılımcılar karşılıklı-bağımlı benlik kurgusu hazırlanan katılımcılara oranla yaşam doyumu ve pozitif duygu durumu ölçeklerinden daha yüksek, negatif duygu durumu ölçeğinden ise daha düşük puan almıştır. Öznel iyi oluş bakımından cinsiyet farkı bulunmamış; kadınların karşılıklı-bağımlı benlik kurgusu erkeklerden daha yüksek, bağımsız benlik kurgusu ise daha düşük olarak bulunmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Benlik kurgusu, mutluluk, öznel iyi oluş, hazırlama, yaşam doyumu

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