Aspergillus alliaceus Thom ve Church ile Toprak Altı ve Toprak Üstü Etkili Orobanche L. Biyokontrolü için Çeşitli Pesta Tablet Denemeleri

Bu çalışmada; hem toprak altı hem de toprak üstü şartlarda pesta tabletlerin Orobanş kontrolünde ne derecede etkili olabileceklerinin tespit edilmesi ve her iki ortam şartında da uygun tablet formülasyonlarının belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Sonuçlara göre T-1, T-2, T-3, T-5, T-12 ve T-13 tabletleri, özellikle ekim öncesi yüksek doz kırık tablet uygulaması ile toprak altı orobanş bulaşmasını büyük oranda indirgemiştir. Toprak üstü uygulamalarda ise herhangi bir tablet uygulamasının veya doğrudan sklerot temasının orobanş biyokontrolünde önemli olduğu ve başarılı bir toprak üstü uygulama için küfün orobanşa yakınlığının veya temasının şart olduğu anlaşılmıştır. Sonuç olarak; fungusun sert çevresel koşullara dayanıklılığı ve onun sklerotial yapısı dikkate alındığında, toprak altı veya toprak üstü olmak üzere tek bir ortamda veya özellikle birbiri ile eşgüdümlü olarak her iki ortamda uygulandığında uzun dönemde onun yüksek seviyede orobanş biyokontrolünü sağlayacağı tespit edilmiştir. Sklerotial özelliği ve orobanş biyokontrolündeki etkinliği, Aspergillus alliaceus’a diğer alternatif fungal ajanlara göre üstünlük kazandırmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Orobanche, Canavarotu, Aspergillus, biyokontrol, mikoherbisid, biyoherbisid

SEVERAL PESTA TABLET TRIALS WITH Aspergillus alliaceus Thom & Church FOR EFFECTIVE UNDERGROUND AND ABOVEGROUND Orobanche L. BIOCONTROL

The present study was performed in order to determine the efficiency of the fungi Aspergillus alliaceus in fighting broomrape by the pesta-tablet trials under below- and above-ground conditions and to determine the appropriate tablet formulations for both conditions. For this purpose, different tablets were used in different experimental steps and their efficiencies were evaluated. The results showed that the tablets T-1, T-2, T-3, T-5, T-12 and T-13 greatly reduced the amount of broomrape in below-ground conditions, particularly with previous and high amount or crushed-tablet applications before crop-sowing. In above-ground conditions, any tablet formulation or directly sclerotial contacting were very effective in broomrape control and it was determined that close presence to or direct contact with broomrape is essential for successful biocontrol. In conclusion, considering the durability of the fungal agent against harsh environmental conditions and its sclerotial structure, it was deduced that if the fungi could be implemented in a stand-alone or especially integrated with each other, it will provide long-term, high-level broomrape biocontrol, indicating the advantages of A. alliaceus against other alternative fungal agents.

Keywords:

Orobanche, broomrape, Aspergillus, biocontrol, mycoherbicide, bioherbicide,

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