TÜRKİYE’DE BELEDİYELERİN MALİ SÜRDÜRÜLEBİLİRLİĞİ: BİRİNCİL DENGE YAKLAŞIMI

Mali sürdürülebilirlik, hükümetin bütçe kısıtı temel alınarak farklı tekniklerle analiz edilmektedir. Hamilton ve Flavin (1986) tarafından mali sürdürülebilirliğe ilişkin geliştirilen yöntem, cari dönemdeki bütçe açığının veya borç stokunun gelecek dönemlerdeki bütçe fazlasıyla karşılanıp karşılanamayacağının belirlenmesine dayanmaktadır. Dolayısıyla dönemlerarası bütçe kısıtı, mali sürdürülebilirliğin bir göstergesi olarak kabul edilmektedir. Bu çalışmada merkezi yönetim bütçe açığının sürdürülebilirliğine ilişkin yaklaşım belediyelere uyarlanmış, Türkiye’de tümleşik belediyelerin birincil bütçe dengesi baz alınarak belediyelerin mali sürdürülebilirliği incelenmiştir. Çalışmada belediyelerin mali sürdürülebilirliğinin araştırılmasında, belediyelere ilişkin gelirler ile faiz dışı harcamalar arasındaki farkı ifade eden birincil bütçe dengesi değişkeninin durağanlığı sınanmıştır. Bu kapsamda 2007-2017 dönemine ait üçer aylık veriler kullanılmış, seri 2010 yılı bazlı reel GSYH endeksi ile reel hale getirilmiş, son olarak da modelde serinin doğal logaritması kullanılmıştır. Birincil bütçe dengesi serisinin durağanlığının analiz edilmesinde ADF, PP ve Ng-Perron Birim Kök Testleri’nin yanı sıra yapısal kırılmanın tespiti için Zivot-Andrews (1992)’in birim kök testinden faydalanılmıştır. Analiz sonuçları, incelenen dönemde belediyelere ilişkin birincil bütçe dengesi serisinin durağan olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu bulgu, söz konusu dönemde Türkiye’de belediyelerin mali sürdürülebilirlik koşulunu sağladığını ortaya koymaktadır.

FISCAL SUSTAINABILITY OF MUNICIPALITIES IN TURKEY: PRIMARY BALANCE APPROACH

Fiscal sustainability is analyzed by different techniques on the basis of government budget constraint. The method developed for fiscal sustainability by Hamilton and Flavin (1986) is based on determining whether the budget deficit or debt stock of the current term can be met with the budget surpluses in the future terms. Therefore, lifetime budget constraints are regarded as a sign of fiscal sustainability. In this study, the approach relating to sustainability of central government budget deficit is adapted to municipalities, and fiscal sustainability of municipalities in Turkey is examined on the basis of primary budget balance of the integrated municipalities. To analyze the fiscal sustainability of the municipalities, the stationarity of the primary budget balance variable, which expresses the difference between the municipal revenues and expenditures excluding interest payments, has been tested. In this context, quarterly data of the period of 2007-2017 is used, the series is made real with the real GDP index based on the year of 2010, and finally the natural logarithm of the series is used in the model. In analyzing the stationary of the primary budget balance series, ADF, PP and Ng-Perron Unit Root Tests as well as the unit root test of Zivot-Andrews (1992) were used to determine the structural breakage. The results of the analysis indicate that the primary budget balance series of the municipalities is stationary during this period. These findings reveals that the municipalities in Turkey ensure the fiscal sustainability criteria.

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