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SOSYAL HİZMET UZMANLARININ STRESLE BAŞA ÇIKMA YÖNTEMLERİ

Sosyal hizmet uzmanları (SHU) psikolojik, ekonomik ve sosyal yönden sorunlar yaşayan birey ve gruplara hizmet sunarken birçok zorluk ve engelle karşılaşmaktadır. Bu durum onların ruhsal, sosyal, davranışsal ve işteki performanslarını olumsuz yönde etkileyebilecek stresin ortaya çıkmasına neden olmaktadır. SHU gün boyu bu stresörlerle mücadele ederken kullandıkları başa çıkma yöntemleri onların başarılı ya da başarısız olmalarında önemli bir yer tutmaktadır. Bu araştırma, Ankara'da Aile ve Sosyal Politikalar Bakanlığı [ASPB] ve bağlı kurumlarda çalışan SHU'nın başa çıkma yöntemlerini belirlemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Araştırma toplam 142 SHU üzerinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmada Görüşme Formu ve Stresle Başa Çıkma Tarzları Ölçeği (SBÖ) kullanılmıştır. Tarama modeliyle gerçekleştirilen bu çalışmada tam sayım yöntemi uygulandığından örnekleme yapılmamıştır. Analizler Sosyal Bilimler İçin İstatistik Paketi, (SPSS) programı 22.0 sürümü kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Verilerin analizi için parametrik testler tercih edilmiştir. Değişkenlerin niteliğine göre t testi, One way ANOVA ve Pearson Çarpım Momentleri Korelasyonu (r) kullanılmıştır. Sonuçlar, stresle başa çıkarken SHU’nın çoğunlukla kendine güvenli yaklaşımını (x̄: 2,33) ve en az çaresiz yaklaşımı (x̄: 0,60) [Ranj: 0-3] kullandığını göstermektedir. Medeni durum, yaş, eğitim durumu, çalışılan alan ve iş doyumu kendine güvenli yaklaşım alt ölçeğiyle; cinsiyet ve çalışılan alan boyun eğici yaklaşım alt ölçeğiyle ve cinsiyet ve işten elde edilen doyumun sosyal destek alt ölçeğiyle ilişkili olduğu bulunmuştur (p<0,05). Araştırma, sosyal hizmet alanında stresden kaçınmanın neredeyse imkânsız olduğunu göstermiştir. Yöneticiler, nitelikli personelin sayısını ve ücretlerini artıracak, çalışma koşullarını iyileştirecek, iş yükünü azaltacak, SHU’na esnek zaman yönetimi için fırsatlar sunacak stres yönetim program ve uygulamalarını hayata geçirebilmelidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Stres, Stresle Başa Çıkma, Sosyal Hizmet, Sosyal Hizmet Uzmanı, Sosyal Hizmet Kurumları

The Ways to Cope with Stress of Social Worker’s

Social workers (SWs) face many difficulties and obstacles in serving individuals and groups with psychological, economic and social problems. This situation may cause stress to affect their mental, social, behavioral and intellectual performance negatively. The way SWs cope with these stressors all day long has an important place to be successful or unsuccessful.This research aims to examine the coping strategies of SWs who work under institutions of Ministry of Family and Social Policies, [MFSP] in Ankara, Turkey. A total number of 142 of SWs participated in the study. The Survey and Ways of Coping Inventory (WCI) were used in the study. The general survey method was followed. Since the “full enumeration” method was used, sampling procedure was not required. The analyses were conducted using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) program version 22.0. Parametric tests were preferred for the analysis of data. One-way ANOVA (F), Pearson Moment Correlation (r) and, the t-test were used for analysis.Results show that SWs used the self-confidence approach (x̄: 2,33) mostly and the helpless approach (x̄: 0,60) [range of score: 0-3] at minimum while they cope with stress. Factors such as; marital status, age, educational status, working area and job satisfaction were found to be effective on self confident approach subscale also, gender and working area were found to be effective on submissive subscale; working area on helpless and gender and job satisfaction were found to be effective on seeking social support subscale (p<0.05). The research has shown that it is almost impossible to escape stress in the field of social work. Managers should be able to imagine stress management programs and practices that will increase the salary, the number of qualified personnel, improve working conditions, reduce workload, and provide opportunities for flexible time management for SWs.

Keywords:

Stress Job Stress, Coping with Stress, Social Work, Social Worker, Social Work Institutions,

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