GÖREV ODAKLI YAKLAŞIM: SOSYAL HİZMET İÇİN BİR UYGULAMA MODELİ

Görev odaklı yaklaşım, 1970’lerde Reid ve Epstein tarafından geliştirilmiş bir sosyal hizmet yaklaşımıdır. Birey, aile ve grupların yaşadıkları sorunların yol açtığı sonuçlar üzerine odaklanan ve müracaatçının gerçekleştireceği eylemler (görevler) ile sosyal işlevselliği geliştirmeyi amaçlayan kısa dönemli, problem çözme odaklı bir yaklaşımdır. Farklı teorileri temelinde barındıran görev odaklı yaklaşım, özellikle eylem yönelimli doğası ve müracaatçının katılımına verdiği önem açısından öne çıkmaktadır. Yaklaşımın farklı düzeylerde ve farklı sorun grupları ile kullanıldığı ve etkili olduğu göz önünde tutulduğunda, genelci uygulama sürecinde özellikle birey, aile ve gruplarla yürütülen doğrudan müdahalelerde kullanılabilecek bir yaklaşım olduğu söylenebilir. Bu çalışmada, görev odaklı yaklaşımın teorik temelleri, prensipleri ve kullanım alanları aktarıldıktan sonra, yaklaşımın uygulanışı ayrıntılı bir şekilde ele alınmış ve yaklaşıma ilişkin eleştirel bir değerlendirme sunulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Görev odaklı yaklaşım, problem çözme, sosyal hizmet müdahalesi, genelci uygulama

Task-Centered Approach: A Model of Practice for Social Work

Task-centered approach is a model of social work practice developed originally by Reid and Epstein in 1970’s. It can be regarded as a short-term problem solving approach that focuses on the results of the problems of individuals, families and groups and it aims to enhance clients’ social functioning by specific actions (task) taken by the clients. Based on various theories, task centered approach differentiates itself with its action oriented nature and its attention to client participation. Being tested and found effective in different levels of problematic situations and client groups, the approach can be offered to be used in generalist social work practice, especially in direct intervention with individuals, families and groups. In this study, the theoretical basis, basic principles and areas of practice of the approach are introduced, its practice is discussed in detail and a critical examination is presented.

Keywords:

Task-centered approach, problem solving, social work intervention, generalist practice,

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