H. Aylin KARAHAN, Aslı DEMİR, Esen ÖZDOĞAN, Tülin ÖKTEM, Necdet SEVENTEKİN

TEKSTİL MALZEMELERİNİN YÜZEY MODİFİKASYONLARINDA KULLANILAN BAZI YÖNTEMLER

Modifikasyon; herhangi bir materyalde meydana gelen sınırlı değişiklik olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Yüzey modifikasyonu, materyallerin temel özelliklerinin değiştirilmeden, yüzeylerinde fiziksel ve/veya kimyasal değişimler meydana gelmesini sağlamaktadır. Kimyasal, fizikokimyasal ve biyokimyasal olarak sınıflandırılan bu modifikasyon yöntemleri sayesinde, tekstil materyalinin fonksiyonu arttırılabilmektedir. Tekstil materyallerinde kimyasal modifikasyon, herhangi bir kimyasal maddenin aplikasyonu sonucunda meydana gelen kimyasal reaksiyon ile kimyasal maddelerin tekstil materyallerinin yüzeyine bağlanması şeklinde meydana gelmektedir. Tekstil mamulünün kimyasal maddelere uzun süre maruz kalması sonucunda, rengi bozulmakta, lifler zarar görmekte ve mekanik özellikleri bozulabilmektedir. Kimyasal yöntemlerin dezavantajlarının fazla olması, son yıllarda fizikokimyasal yöntemlerin ticari anlamda önemini artırmış ve böylece mamul özelliklerinin modifikasyonunda klasik yaş işlemlerin yerini alması için çalışmalar yoğunlaşmıştır. Fizikokimyasal yöntemlere örnek olarak; korona boşalması, ısıl işlemler, plazmalar, UV ve -radyasyonu, elektron veya iyon bombardımanı, ozon gibi işlemler verilmektedir. Kimyasal yöntemlerin dezavantajlarını ortadan kaldırmak amacıyla geliştirilen alternatif yöntemlerden biriside tekstil terbiyesinde enzim kullanımıdır. Tekstil endüstrisine ilk olarak haşıl sökme işleminde amilaz kullanımı ile giren enzimler günümüzde hem doğal hem de sentetik liflerin ön terbiye, boyama ve bitim işlemleri olmak üzere birçok alanda kullanılmaktadır

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Yüzey modifikasyonu, kimyasal modifikasyon, fizikokimyasal modifikasyon, biyokimyasal modifikasyon, korona boşalması

SOME METHODS USED FOR THE SURFACE MODIFICATION OF TEXTILES

Modification is defined as a limited change in any material. Surface modification provides some physical and/ or chemical changes on the surface of the materials without effecting their bulk properties. With these modification methods which are classified as chemical, physicochemical and biochemical some properties can be enchanged or given single or multi-functions to the textile materials for various applications. Chemical modification of textiles is carried out with application and reaction of any kind of chemical agent to the material. If the textile material is exposured to the chemicals long time, color, mechanic and chemical properties of the material can be changed. Because of disadvantages of chemical modifications, researhers tend to improve and accessibility of physicochemical modifications. Corona discharge, heat treatments, plasmas, UV and - radiations electron or ion bombardement, ozon can be given as an example for physicochemical. Another alternative method is biochemical modification with enzymes. Enzymes are used in desizing (amylase) for the first time in textile industry and now they can be used in many applications from pretreatment to finishing of both synthetic and natural fibres

Keywords:

Surface modification, chemical modification, physicochemical modification, biochemical modification, corona discharge,

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