Esnek Üstyapılarda Kritik Tekerlek ve Aks Konfigürasyonların Mekanistik Analizlere Göre Tespit Edilmesi

Karayolu performanslarında tekerlek basıncı ve temas yüzey alanı ne kadar önemliyse, tekerlek temas nokta sayısı ve aralıkları da o kadar önem taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmada, arazide ağır taşıtlardan elde edilen veriler ışığında, ağır taşıtların tekerlek ve aks konfigürasyonları 3 boyutlu olarak sonlu elemanlar (Ls-Dyna) yöntemi ile modellenmiş ve dinamik analizi yapılmıştır. Tekerlek ve aks tiplerinin yol tabakalarında neden oldukları düşey ve yatay gerilme ve deformasyonların büyüklüklerine göre en kritik aks ve tekerlek tipleri tespit edilmiştir. Tekerlek izi hasarı ve yorulma çatlakları açısından en çok hasar verebilecek tekerleğin geniş yüzeyli ve tekil tekerleklerin olduğu, aks dingiller içerisinde ise motris (çekici) tek dingilin olduğu tespit edilmiştir

-

Determining the Critical Tire and Axle Configuration for Flexible Pavements Based on Mechanistic Analysis While the tire contact pressure and contact surface area are important concerns in pavement performance, the number of contact points per vehicle and their spacing are also critical. In this study axle loads from field measurements, heavy vehicle tire, and axle configurations were modeled by utilizing a 3D dynamic finite element. The most critical axle and tire types have been determined based on the vertical and horizontal stress and strain values. Single axle and single super tire were found to be the most critical tire and axle configuration in terms of rutting and fatigue damages

___

  • Carvalho, R.L., Mechanıstıc-Empırıcal Desıgn of Flexıble Pavements: A Sensıtıvıty Study, Master of Science Thesis, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland, 2006.
  • Ali, O., Evaluation of the Mechanistic Empirical Pavement Design Guide (NCHRP 1-37A), Report No: UR 3002.1, Contract No: Research Report 216, Program: Urban Infrastructure, National Research Council Canada, 2005.
  • Claussen, A. I. M., Edwards, J. M., Sommer, P., and Udge, P., Asphalt Pavement Design - The Shell Method, Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on the Structural Design of Asphalt Pavements, pp. 39-74, 1977.
  • Shook, J. F., Finn, F. N., Witczak, M. W., and Monismith, C. L., Thickness Design of Asphalt Pavements-The Asphalt Institute Method, Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on the Structural Design of Asphalt Pavements, pp. 17-44, 1982.
  • NCHRP, Mechanistic-Empirical Design of New and Rehabilitated Pavement Structures, National Cooperative Highway Research Program, NCHRP Project 1-37A, National Research Council, Washington, DC, 2004.
  • AASHTO, AASHTO Guide for Design of Pavement Structures, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Washington, D.C., 1972, 1986, 1993.
  • Karayolları Genel Müdürlüğü, Karayolları Esnek Üstyapılar ProjelendirmeRehberi, Teknik Araştırma Dairesi Başkanlığı, Üstyapı Şubesi Müdürlüğü, Ankara, 2006, 2010.
  • Schwartz, C. W., and Carvalho, R. L., Implementation of the NCHRP 1-37A Design Guide, Final Report, Volume 2: Evaluation of M-E Design Procedure, MDSHA Project No. SP0077B41, UMD FRS No. 430572, Office of Material Technology Maryland State Highway Administration Lutherville, MD 21093, 2007.
  • Walubita, L.F., and F C van de Ven, M., Stresses and Straıns in Asphalt-Surfacıng Pavements, South African Transport Conference: Action in Transport for the New Millennium, South Africa, 2000.
  • Huang, Y.H., Pavement Analysis and Design, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, 07632, New Jersey, 2004.
  • Yoder, E. J., and Witczak, M. W., Principles of Pavement Design, J. Willey and Sons, Inc., Second Edition, New York, 1975.
  • Wu, Z., Finite Element Simulation of Rutting on Superpave Pavements, Thesis of Doctor of Philosophy, Kansas State University, Department of Civil engineering, Manhattan, Kansas, 2001.
  • SHRP-A-415, Permanent Deformation Response of Asphalt Aggregate Mixes, Final Report, Stragic Highway Research Program, National Research Council, Washington, DC, 1994.
  • Baburamani, P., Asphalt Fatigue Life Prediction Models–A Literature Review, ARRB Transport Research Ltd, Research Report ARR 334, Vermont, South Victoria, 1999.
  • LS-DYNA, Theoretical Manual, Livermore Software Technology Corporation, Livermore, CA, USA, 2006.
  • Sarica, R. Z., Ulker, M. B. C., Rahman, M.S., and Mirmiran. A., Traffic Control Design for Portable Concrete Barriers, Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, NC State University, USA, 2004.
  • Uddin, W., and Ricalde, L., İmplementation of a User Material Routine in 3D-FE Codes for Viscoelastic Modeling and Simulation of Highway and Airport Pavements, Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Mississippi, Mississippi, USA, 2006.
  • Shoukry, S. N., William, G. W., and Riad, M., Aplication of LS-DYNA in İdentifying Critical Stresses Around Dowel Bars, 8ht İnternational LS-DYNA Users Conference, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506-6103, USA, 2007.
  • Shoukry, S. N., William, G. W., and Riad, M., Aplication of Dynamic Relaxation in Thermo-Elastic Structural Analysis of Highway Pavement Structures, 9ht İnternational LS-DYNA Users Conference, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506- 6103, USA, 2008.
  • Uddin, W., Simulation of Falling Weight deflectometer for In-Situ Material Characterization of Highway and Airport Pavements, Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Mississippi, Mississippi 38677, USA, 2001.
  • Uddin, W., Aplication of Finite Element Dynamic Analysis for In Situ Material Characterization of Pavement Systems, Fifth International Conference on The Bearing Capasity of Roads and Airfields. Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Mississippi, Mississippi 38677, USA, 2002.
  • Sousa, J.B., Craus, J., and Monismith, C.L., Summary Report on Permanent Deformation in Asphalt Concrete, Strategic Highway Research Program, National Research Council, Washington, D.C., U.S.A, 1991.
  • Salgoda, R., and Kim, D., Effects of Heavier Truck Loadings and Super-Single Tires on Subgrades, Joint Transportation Research Program Project No: C-36-52R, File No: 6-20-17, SPR-2402. Final Report: FHWA/IN/JTRP-2002/20, Purdue University,West Lafayette, Indiana, 2002.
  • Douglas, R.A., Alabaster, B., Charters, N., Measured Tire/Road Contact Stresses Characterized by Tire Type, Wheel Load, and İnflation Pressure, Introducing Innovation into Pavement Design and Rehabilitation, 2008 Annual Conference of the Transportation Association of Ontario, Toronto, Canada, 2008.
  • Xie, S., Zheng, C., October, Effects of The Tire-Pavement Contact Pressure on Asphalt Pavement, Proceedings of the Eastern Asia Society for Transportation Studies, Vol.4, China, 2003.
  • Al-Qadi, I. L., Elseifi, M., Yoo, P. J., Pavement Damage Due To Dıfferent Tıres And Vehıcle Confıguratıons, Final Report, Submitted To: Michelin Americas Research and Development Corporation, 515 Michelin Road, Po Box 1987, Greenville, Sc 29602- 1987, Virginia Tech Tranportation Institute, Blacksburg, USA, 2004.
  • Korkiala, L., Calculation Method for Permanent Deformation of Unbound Pavement Materials, VTT Publications, 1235-0621 (soft back ed.), 1455-0849 (URL: http: // www .vtt.fi/publications/index.jsp), VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044 VTT, Finland, 2008.
  • Fernandes, J.L., Pais, J.C. and Pereira, P.A.A., Effects of traffic loading on Portuguese and Brazilian Pavements Performance, Paper Prepared for Presentation and Publication at The 85th Annual Meeting in January 22-26, 2006 of The T.R.B., Washington, D.C., 2005.
  • Kim, D., Salgado, R., and Altschaeffi, A.G., Effects of Supersingle Tire Loadings on Pavements, Journal of Transportation Engineering, Vol. 131, No. 10, ©ASCE, ISSN 0733-947X/2005/10-732–743, 2005.
  • Al-Qadi, I.L., Wang, H., Full-depth Flexible Pavement Fatigue Response under Various Tire and Axle Load Configurations, Center for Transportation, Illinois Center for Transportation, Conference Topic Selected: Modeling and analysis of pavement systems, ICT-R59, Submission Date: March 14, 2008, Urbana, USA, 2008.
  • Al-Qadi, I.L., Wang, H., Evaluation of Pavement Damage Due to New Tire Designs. Research Report ICT-09-048, Illinois Center for Transportation, Illinois Center for Transportation Series No. 09-048, UILU-ENG-2009-2019, ISSN: 0197-9191, Urbana, USA, 2009.