Antropojenik İklim Değişikliği Bağlamında Göç Tartışmaları

İnsanlar her çağda çevresel değişimlere ya da iklim değişikliğine tepki olarak yer değiştirmişlerdir. Zira hareket etmek tehditten kaçmayı ve dayanıklılığı artırmayı sağlayan (özellikle planlandığında), değişime uyumun geleneksel ve olağan bir parçasıdır. Nitekim göç neredeyse insanın kendisiyle yaşıt ve dünyadaki insanlar tarafından yaygın olarak değişen çevresel koşullara uyum sağlamak adına kullanılan geleneksel bir mekanizma olarak iklim değişikliği ile başa çıkma noktasında çözüm yollarından biri olabilir. İklim değişikliğiyle tetiklenen yer değiştirmelerin “yeni” olan tarafı ise, onun altında yatan antropojenik temelleri, çok sayıda insanın iklim değişikliğine olan şüpheli yaklaşımı ve iklim değişikliğinin göreceli gerçekleşme hızıdır. Bu makalenin amacı, antropojenik iklim değişikliğinin göç hareketleri, türleri ve düzenleri üzerindeki etkisine ilişkin tartışmaları çok boyutlu bir şekilde ele almak ve bu sayede iklim değişikliği, çevre ve göç arasındaki karmaşık etkileşimi analiz etmenin önemini ortaya koymaktır. Bu amaçla literatür taramasına dayalı olarak gerçekleştirilen bu betimsel çalışma, iklim değişikliği kaynaklı göç konusunda genel bir çerçeve çizmektedir. İklim değişikliğinden etkilenecek toplumları da kapsayan geniş ve katılımcı süreçler oluşabilmesi adına küresel inisiyatif ve iştirakler kadar yerel düzeyde danışma, bilgilendirme ve kapasite geliştirme çalışmalarının güçlendirilmesi gerektiği vurgulanmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Küresel ısınma, İklim değişikliği, Çevresel göç, İklim mültecileri

Migration Discussions in the Context of Anthropogenic Climate Change

People have always migrated in response to environmental change. Movement is a traditional part of human life that allows people to escape from threat and increase resilience (especially when planned). Migration is used almost exclusively by humans to adapt to changing environmental conditions around the world, may be one of the solutions for dealing with climate change. The “new” side of shifts triggered by climate change is the underlying anthropogenic causes, the susceptible approach of many people to climate change, and the relative rapidity of climate change. The aim of this article is to address the multidimensional debate of the impact of anthropogenic climate change on migration movements, patterns, and volumes and to emphasize the importance of analyzing the complex interaction between climate change, environment, and migration. For this purpose, this descriptive study based on a literature review draws a general framework about the issue of migration caused by climate change. In the final section, it is emphasized that consultation, information, and capacity-building activities at the local level should be strengthened as much as global initiatives and participations in order to create large and participatory processes that include the societies that will be affected by climate change.

Keywords:

Global warming, Climate change, Enviromental migration, Climate fefugees,

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