NATSUME SŌSEKİ’NİN ESERLERİNDE MODERNLEŞME VE BATI İLE JAPONYA’NIN MUKAYESESİ

Bu çalışmada Natsume Sōseki’nin (1867-1916) Meiji Dönemi (1868-1912) Japonya’sında yaşanan sosyo-kültürel alandaki değişimlere olan yaklaşımı ve eserlerinde görülen Batı algısına değinilmiştir. Japonya’nın Batı’yı model alarak önemli değişimlere adım attığı dönemde yaşamış, aydın kişiliğe sahip bir yazar olarak, özellikle kendi psikolojik dünyası içerisinde yaşadığı sıkıntılar ile bu dönemde yaşanan değişimleri eserlerinde yarattığı kahramanlarla analoji kurarak vermiştir.Japonya’da modernleşme, somut alanda birçok yenilik getirirken, bu değişimlerin toplumsal hayat ve bireylerin psikolojik yönüne olan etkileri yazarın en çok ele aldığı konuları oluşturur. Sonuç olarak, Natsume Sōseki’nin Meiji dönemindeki bazı değişimlere ilişkin Japon toplumuna yönelik eleştirel bir yaklaşımı olduğu anlaşılmaktadır. Bu eleştirilerden en önemlisi, Batı’da kendiliğinden ve zamanla gelişen ilerleme faaliyetlerinin Japonya’da hızlı bir değişim hareketi ile gerçekleşmiş olmasıdır.

THE CONCEPT OF MODERNIZATION AND COMPARISION OF THE WEST AND JAPAN IN NATSUME SŌSEKI’S WORKS

In this study, Natsume Sōseki’s (1867-1916) approach regarding the changes in the socio-cultural area of Japan in Meiji Period (1868-1912) and the perception of Western culture in his works have been examined. In the period when Japan experienced important and sharp changes in accordance with the model of the West, Sōseki with an intellectual personality, made an analogy with the troubles which he has facedin his inner world and the protagonists in his works. The education he had received in England was decisive in his evaluation of the relationship between the Western world and Japan. While Japan took many concrete steps in social life thanks to modernization, the psychological effects ofit upon individuals were the subjects that the author dealt with the most. As a result, it has appeared that Natsume Sōseki had a critical approach to the Japanese society in terms of some changes that occur in the Meiji period. One of the strong criticisms made by Sōsekiis that while modernization took spontaneous and progressive advancement in the West, Japan experienced a rapid change in its culture and ordinary life.

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