Soğuk Savaş Döneminde Sovyetler Birliği'nin İsrail Karşıtı Söylemlerinin Propaganda Posterlerindeki Sunumu

Batı ve Doğu Blokları arasında gerçekleşen Soğuk Savaş (1947-1991) döneminde Sovyetler Birliği'nin dış siyasetinde genel olarak İsrail karşıtı politikalar hakim olmuştur. Bu süreçte Sovyetler Birliği kamuoyunda İsrail karşıtı propaganda faaliyetlerine ağırlık vermiş, İsrail'i Ortadoğu'da kaosa yol açmakla suçlamıştır. Bu dönemde Sovyetler Birliği'nin propaganda faaliyetlerinde en etkili kullandığı iletişim araçlarından biri posterler olmuştur. Bu çalışmada, Soğuk Savaş döneminde Sovyetler Birliği tarafından hazırlanan İsrail karşıtı propaganda posterlerinde, İsrail karşıtı hangi söylemlere yer verildiği ve İsrail'in posterlerde ne şekilde sunulduğu ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır. Bu amaçla çalışma kapsamında amaçlı örneklem metodu kullanılarak belirlenen propaganda posterleri, Rus asıllı ABD’li Roman Jakobson'un göstergebilim modeli üzerinden incelenmiştir. Çalışmada belirlenen 7 propaganda posterinin görsel ve yazılı kodları Jakobson'un göstergebilim kavramları özelinde analiz edilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular kapsamında Sovyet propagandasında, İsrail karşıtı söylemlerin Amerika Birleşik Devletleri üzerinden oluşturulduğu, İsrail ile Nazi Almanyası'nın kıyaslandığı ve Ortadoğu'da yaşanan çatışmaların sorumlusu olarak İsrail'in gösterildiği ortaya çıkarılmıştır. Bu şekilde Sovyet toplumunda İsrail karşıtı düşüncelerin hakim olmasına çalışıldığı görülmüştür.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Sovyetler Birliği, İsrail, Propaganda, Soğuk Savaş, Poster

The Presentation of Discourse Against Israel of the Soviet Union at the Propaganda Posters During the Cold War

Anti-Israel policies generally dominated the foreign policy of the Soviet Union during the Cold War (1947-1991) between West and East Blocks. The Soviet Union focused on anti-Israeli propaganda activities in public opinion and accused Israel of causing chaos in the Middle East during this period. One of the communication tools used by the Soviet Union in propaganda activities in that period was posters. In this study, it was tried to reveal which anti-Israel discourses were used and how Israel was presented in the anti-Israel propaganda posters prepared by the Soviet Union in the Cold War. For this purpose, the propaganda posters determined using the purposeful sampling method were examined through Russian-American linguist Roman Jakobson's semiotics model. The visual and written codes of the 7 propaganda posters determined in the study were analyzed in terms of the semiotics concepts of Jakobson. As a result of the findings obtained, it was revealed that anti-Israel rhetoric was formed over the United States, that Israel and Nazi Germany were compared and it was shown that Israel was responsible for the conflicts in the Middle East int the posters. In this way, it was seen that anti-Israel thoughts were tried to be dominant in Soviet society.

Keywords:

Soviet Union, Israel, Propaganda, Cold War, poster,

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