Uluslararası Hukuk Çerçevesinden Arktik Güvenliği Politikalarının Analizi: Rusya ve ABD Örneği
Son yıllarda artan
küresel ısınma ile beraber kuzey kutbunu kaplayan buz tabakası daha fazla
erimeye başlamıştır. Eriyen tabaka deniz alanını daha kullanılabilir bir duruma
getirmiş ve deniz tabanında yer alan hidrokarbonlara erişim daha kolay hâle
gelmiştir. Bu iklimsel değişime bağlı olarak ülkelerin bu alan ile ilgili
politikaları da ciddi anlamda değişime uğramıştır. Öyle ki, dünyanın belki de
en zorlu yaşam koşullarına ev sahipliği yapan Arktik bölgesi ekonomik ve
siyasal kazanımların odak noktası haline gelmiştir. Bölgenin uluslararası
statüsü ve egemenlik alanları konusunda tartışmalar baş göstermiştir. Böylece
Arktik O’na komşu olan ülkeler arasında çıkarların çatıştığı bir alana
dönüşmüştür. Bu durum Rusya ve ABD’nin rekabet koşullarının değişmesine de
neden olmuştur. Ayrıca Arktik, küresel ölçekte yaratmış olduğu etkileri ile
birlikte düşünüldükçe, giderek sorunlu bir bölgeye dönüşmektedir. Bu sorunların
çözümü için ise, uluslararası hukukun esas alınması ihtiyacı doğmaktadır. Bu
çalışma, Rusya ve ABD’nin Uluslararası Hukuk çerçevesinden Arktik Bölgesi’ne yönelik
güvenlik politikalarını analiz ederek, bu politikaların iki devlet üzerinde ne
gibi siyasi, ekonomik ve sosyo-kültürel etkiler ortaya çıkardığını
tartışmaktadır.
Anahtar Kelimeler:
Arktik Bölgesi, Uluslararası Hukuk, Güvenlik Politikaları, Rusya, ABD
Analysis of Arctic Security Policies from the Perspective of International Law: The Cases of Russia and the US
In
recent years, with the rise of global warming, ice layer on the North pole has
begun to melt with increasing rates. This melting layer has made the marine
area more useable and the access to hydrocarbons in the seabed has become
easier. Depending on this climatic change, the politics of the countries in
this area have also changed significantly. The Arctic region, which hosts
perhaps the most challenging living conditions of the world, has become a focal
point of the economic and political gains. Therewith, discussions on the
international status and sovereignty areas of the region have begun among
countries which have been neighbor to this region. Thus, Arctic has turned into
an area of conflicting interests among the neighboring countries. This has also
caused Russia and the US to challenge the competition conditions. Arctic is also
becoming a problematic region on the global scale. In order to solve these
problems, it is necessary to refer to the International Law. This study
analyzes the security policies of the Arctic regions of Russia and United
States from the framework of International Law and discusses the political,
economic and socio-cultural implications of these policies on the two states.
Keywords:
Arctic Region, International Law, Security Policies, Russia, USA,
___
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- ISSN: 1303-6831
- Yayın Aralığı: Yılda 2 Sayı
- Başlangıç: 2002
- Yayıncı: Milli Savunma Üniversitesi Alparslan Savunma Bilimleri ve Millî Güvenlik Enstitüsü
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Uluslararası Hukuk Çerçevesinden Arktik Güvenliği Politikalarının Analizi: Rusya ve ABD Örneği