Eğitim Tranferinde Karşılaşılan Güçlükler: Yabancı Öğrenciler Üzerinde Yapılan Bir Araştırma
Öz
Eğitim; insan sermayesinin geliştirilmesi,
örgütsel performansın iyileştirilmesi ve değişimi
getirmek için sıklıkla kullanılan stratejilerden birisidir. Bununla birlikte,
eğitim inisiyatiflerinin odaklandığı konu eğitim içeriklerinin iş çevresine
transferi ve kullanımı konusudur. Bu konuda eğitim psikolojisi ve yönetim
disiplinleri alanyazını önemlidir. Eğitimin kullanılacağı eğitim transfer (ET)
çevresi (öğrenme ortamı), ET’nin kolaylaştırıcılığı ya da sınırlayıcılığı
yönüyle en önemli belirleyicilerden birisidir. Eğiticilerin (eğitimde görev
alanların) ET iklimini olumlu algılamaları, eğitim içeriğinin iş çevresine
aktarılmasına katkı sağlamaktadır ancak bunun tersi de mümkündür. Bu
araştırmanın amacı, yabancı (Türkçe eğitimi alan) öğrencilerin Türkçeyi transferinde,
öğrenme ortamında öğrenmeyi engelleyen veya kolaylaştıran faktörleri
(karşılaşılan güçlükleri) nasıl algıladıklarını araştırmaktır. Bu süreçte,
genel ET çıktılarının arttırılmasında ET ortamındaki farklı İnsan Kaynakları
aktörlerinden alınan destek ön plana çıkmaktadır. Bu araştırmadan elde edilecek
deneyimler gelişmekte olan Afrika ülkelerindeki eğitim transferi girişimlerinin
iyileştirilebileceği umudunu taşımaktadır. Yoksulluğun azaltılması ve
toplumların gelişmeye ilişkin duyarlılıkları adına eğitim projeleri önemlidir
ancak ET çevresindeki koşullar yüzünden
bazen başarısızlıklar da yaşanmaktadır.2014-2015 yıllarında Gazi TÖMER’de
Türkçe Dil eğitimini tamamlayan 40 yabancı öğrenciyle yarı-yapılandırılmış
görüşme yöntemi kullanılarak bireysel görüşme gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bulgular
göstermektedir ki, ET çevresindeki farklı İnsan Kaynakları aktörleri tarafından
sağlanan desteğin bir sonucu olarak temel Türkçe öğreniminin kazanımında olumlu
eğitim transfer çevresi önemli bir unsur olarak algılanmaktadır. TÖMER örneği
ele alındığında katılımcılar, dilin çevrede tam olarak kullanılabilmesi için
dil öğrenim zamanına daha fazla ihtiyaç duyduklarını, katılımcıların
özellikleri açışından eğitim tasarım sorunu olduğu bu nedenle akademik Türkçe
transferinin düşük düzeyde gerçekleştiğini ifade etmektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler:
Eğitim Transferi, İş (Öğrenme) Çevresi
Barriers Faced in Effective Training Transfer: A Research on Foreign Students
Abstract
Training is one of
the frequently used strategy for introducing change, developing human capital
and improving organizational performances. However, the concern over training
initiatives has been and still is the transfer and use of training content to
the work environment as substantiated by literature from disciplines such as
psychology, education and management. The training transfer (TT) environment
where training is to be used is considered one of the most important
determinant of TT as it either facilitate TT or inhibits it. Therefore, the
trainee’s positive perception of the TT climate has the potential to positively
facilitate their transfer of training content to the work environment and vice
versa. The purpose of this research study was to investigate the trainees’
perception of the factors at the TT environment that facilitated or inhibited
(barriers faced) the transfer of Turkish language learnt from Gazi TÖMER to the
relevant environment. In the process, establishing the support that was
received from the various Human Resource actors at the TT environment in
enhancing the general TT outcomes. This was done with the believe that, the
experience gained from this study would be used in bettering TT initiatives in
underdeveloped African countries where training projects for poverty
alleviation and sensitization of communities on development related concerns
have in most cases failed to bear fruits partly due to TT environmental issues.
In a semi-structured interview process, a total of forty former Gazi TÖMER
foreign students who undertook a Turkish language proficiency training between
the year 2014 and 2015 were individually interviewed. The findings suggested
that, the trainees positively perceived the TT environment leading to the
transfer of Turkish language mainly as a result of the support provided by the
various Human Resource actors at the TT environment. Basing on the aims of the
TÖMER training, there was a reported low transfer of academic Turkish mainly
due to training design problem, trainees’ characteristics and language transfer
requiring time to fully be transferred to the environment.
Keywords:
Training Transfer, Work Environment,
___
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- ISSN: 1303-6831
- Yayın Aralığı: Yılda 2 Sayı
- Başlangıç: 2002
- Yayıncı: Milli Savunma Üniversitesi Alparslan Savunma Bilimleri ve Millî Güvenlik Enstitüsü