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ABD’DEKİ TÜRK GÖÇMENLERDE KÜLTÜRLEŞME SÜRECİ

Bu çalışma Amerika Birleşik Devleti’ndeki (ABD) Türk göçmenlerin yaşamlarını nasıl idare ettiklerini ile kültürleşme yönelimleri ve Türk göçmenlerin demografik özellikleri arasındaki ilişkiyi araştırmayı amaçlamaktadır. Çalışmanın verileri ABD dışında doğmuş olan 467 Türk göçmenden toplanmıştır. Bu çalışma hem öz/miras kültürün hem de ana akım evsahibi kültürlerin birlikte yaşayabileceğini savunan iki boyutlu kültürleşme yaklaşımını benimsemiştir. Araştırmanın sonuçları demografik özelliklerin hem öz kültür hem de ana akım evsahibi kültürüyle istatistiki olarak anlamlı bir fark oluşturduğunu, dolayısıyla Türk göçmenlerin kültürleşme süreçlerinde anlamlı etkileri olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Etnik kimlik öz kültüre bağlılığı açıklayan en önemli faktör iken ana akım evsahibi kültür bağlılığına katkı sağlayan en anlamlı faktör ise Amerikan kimliğidir. ABD’de yaşan Türk göçmenler arasında en çok tercih edilen kültürleşme yönelimi entegrasyondur. Bu çalışmanın sonuçları kültürleşme sürecinin tek yönlü -sıfır toplamlı- bir ilişki olmadığı aksine iki boyutlu olduğunu ve her iki kültürün birlikte var olabileceği göstermiştir. Araştırma sonuçları öz kültür ile ana akım evsahibi kültürü arasında positif bir korelasyon olduğunu dolayısıyla birbirinden bağımsız ve birbirini dışlamadıklarını ortaya koymaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Kültürleşme, Türk Göçmenler, Etnik Kimlik, Öz Kültür

ACCULTURATION PROCESS OF TURKISH IMMIGRANTS IN THE UNITED STATES

This study aims to investigate how Turkish immigrants manage their lives in the United States (US) and the relationship between acculturation pathways and demographic background of Turkish immigrants. Data was collected from 467 Turkish immigrants who were born outside of the US. This study adopts a bidimensional acculturation approach, stating that both heritage and dominant host cultures can live together. Results suggest that demographic backgrounds are significantly linked to both their heritage and dominant host cultures, therefore they have important effects on the acculturation process of Turkish immigrants. Ethnic identity is found to be the most significant factor predicting involvements in heritage culture, whereas American identity contributes the most predicting involvements in the dominant host culture. The most preferred acculturation pathway is integration among Turkish immigrants in the US. The results confirmed acculturation process is bi-dimensional, not a zero-sum game as we found a significant positive correlation between the heritage and the dominant host cultures, which assume the independence and orthogonal of involvements in the dominant host and heritage cultures.

Keywords:

: Acculturation, Turkish immigrants, Ethnic Identity, Heritage Culture,

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