Hakan KARABIYIK, Raci KARAYİĞİT, Burak Çağlar YAŞLI, Mitat KOZ, Gülfem ERSÖZ

Ağızda karbonhidrat çalkalamanın futbolcularda aralıklı sprint performansı üzerine etkileri

Amaç: Ağız boşluğunda karbonhidratın (CHO) çalkalanması özellikle dayanıklılık performansında artışlar yaratmaktadır. Bu ergojenik etkiden sorumlu mekanizmalar CHO'yu algılayan ağız boşluğundaki reseptörlerle ilişkili olabilir, dolayısıyla motor ünite sinir uyarımını artırabilir. Bu çalışmanın amacı CHO ağızda çalkalamanın futbolcularda aralıklı sprint performansı üzerine etkilerini araştırmaktır.Gereç ve Yöntem: Randomize, çift kör, çapraz döngülü, karşılıklı dengeli araştırma dizaynı ile, 15 amatör futbolcu (Ortalama±SD yaş: 20,00±2,44 yıl, boy uzunluğu: 177,66±4,80 cm, vücut ağırlığı: 75,02±6,42 kg) toplamda 3 kez, 12x4 saniyelik aralıklı sprintlerden oluşan protokolü her sprintten önce [a-) %6,4 karbonhidrat solüsyonu (CHO) b-) plasebo olarak su (PLA) ve c-) kontrol olarak çalkalama yapmadan (CON)] 10 saniye ağızda çalkalayarak tamamladı. Dinlenimde, testten hemen sonra, aktif ve pasif toparlanmada kan glikozu (GL), kan laktatı (BL), kalp atımı (HR) ve algılanan zorluk derecesi (RPE) kayıt edildi.Bulgular: CON ile kıyaslandığında, CHO ve PLA zirve ve ortalama güç verilerinde anlamlı artışlar vardı ancak CHO ve PLA arasında herhangi bir fark bulunamadı. BL ve BG değerlerinde koşullar arasında fark bulunamazken (P>0.05) HR değerleri CHO ve PLA'ya göre CON koşulunda anlamlı derecede farklıydı. Ayrıca, RPE CON koşulunda PLA'dan anlamlı derecede fark bulundu ancak CHO koşulu ile bir fark bulunamadı. Sonuç: CHO ağızda çalkalama, PLA ile kıyaslandığında zirve ve ortalama gücü geliştirmez ancak bir nosebo etkisi olarak, CHO ve PLA CON'a göre zirve ve ortalama gücü geliştirir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Futbol, bisiklet, ağız reseptörleri, ağız çalkalama, ergojenik yardım

The effect of carbohydrate mouth rinse on intermittent sprint performance in soccer players

Aim: Carbohydrate (CHO) mouth rinsing in the oral cavity has been shown to increase especially endurance exercise performance. Mechanisms responsible for this ergogenic effect may be related to receptors in oral cavity that detect CHO, in turn, increase neural drive to the motor unite. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of CHO mouth rinsing on intermittent sprint performance in soccer players.Material and Method: With randomised, double-blind, crossover, counterbalanced research design, fifteen amateur male soccer players (Mean±SD age:20.00±2.44 years, height:177.66±4.80 cm, body mass:75.02±6.42 kg) completed 3 sessions consisting of 12x4 seconds intermittent sprint tests with administering 10-second mouth rinse protocols before each sprint; a-) %6.4 carbohydrate solution (CHO) b-) water as a placebo (PLA) and 3-) no rinse as a control (CON). At rest, immediately after test and in active and passive recevory periods, blood glucose (BG), blood lactate (BL), heart rate (HR) and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were assessed.Results: Compared with the CON condition, CHO and PLA increased significantly peak and mean power output (P<0.05), but there was no difference between CHO and PLA condition. BL and BG values were not statistically different between condition (P>0.05) but HR were significantly different in CON than CHO and PLA. Morover, RPE was significantly different in CON than PLA but not than CHO. Conclusion: CHO mouth rinsing does not improve peak and mean power when compared to PLA, but as a nocebo effect, CHO and PLA improve peak and mean power output with regard to CON.

Keywords:

Football, mouth wash, cycling, oral receptors, ergogenic aid,

PDF

___

Stolen T, Chamari K, Castagna C, Wisloff U. Physiology of soccer: an update. Sports Medicine 2005;35:709-716.
Girard O, Mendez-Villanueva A, Bishop D. Repeated-sprint ability - part I factors contributing tofatigue. Sports Medicine 2011;41:673-694.
Paton CD, Hopkins WG, Vollebregt L. Little effect of caffeine ingestion on repeated sprints in team-sport athletes. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2001;33:822-825.
Russell, M., Kingsley, M. The efficacy of acute nutritional interventions on soccer skill performance. Sports Medicine 2014;41:957-970.
Coyle EF, Coggan AR, Hemmert MK, Ivy JL. Muscle glycogen utilization duringprolongedstrenuous exercise when fed carbohydrate. Journal of Applied Physiology 1986;61:165–72.
Oliveira CC, Ferreira D, Caetano C, et al. Nutrition and Supplementation in Soccer. Sports 2017;5:28.
Bangsbo J. Physiological demands of football. Sports Science Exchange 2014;27:1-6.
Carter JM, Jeukendrup AE, Mann CH, Jones DA. The effect of glucose infusion on glucose kineticsduring a 1-h time trial. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 2004;36:1543-50.
Jeukendrup AE. Carbohydrate intake during exercise and performance. Nutrition 2004;20:669-677.
Nicolazzo JA, Reed BL, Finnin BC. The effect of various in vitro conditions on the permeabilitycharacteristics of the buccal mucosa. Journal of pharmaceutical sciences 2003;93:2399-2410.
Carter JM, Asker AE, Jones DA. The effect of carbohydrate mouth rinse on 1-h cycle time trial performance. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 2004;36:2107-11.
Gant N, Stinear C, Byblow W. Carbohydrate in the mouth immediately faciliates motor output.Brain Research 2010;2:151-158.
Chambers ES, Bridge MW, Jones DA. Carbohydrate sensing in the human mouth, effects on exerciseperformance and brain activity. The Journal of Physiology 2009;15:1779-94.
De Pauw K, Roelends B, Knapean K, Polfliet M, Stiens J, Meeusen R. Effects of caffeine andmaltodextrin mouth rinsing on P300, brain imaging and cognitive performance. Journal of appliedphysiology 2015;118:776-82.
Van Nieuwenhoven MA, Brouns F, Kovacs EMR. The effect of two sports drinks and water on GI complaints and performance during an 18-km run. International journal of sports medicine 2005;26:281-285.
Sinclair J, Bottoms L, Flynn C, et al. The effect of differentdurations of carbohydrate mouth rinse on cycling performance. European journal of sport science 2014;14:259-264.
James RM, Sarah R, Rollo I, James LJ. No Dose Response Effect of Carbohydrate Mouth Rinse onCycling Time-Trial Performance. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism2017;26:25-31.
Rollo I, Cole M, Miller R, Williams C. Influence of mouth rinsing a carbohydrate solution on 1-h running performance, Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 2010;42:798–804.
Kulaksız TN, Koşar ŞN, Bulut S,ve ark. Mouth Rinsing with Maltodextrin Solutions Fails to Improve Time Trial Endurance Cycling Performance in Recreational Athletes. Nutrients 2010;8:269-283.
Beelen M, Beghuis J, Bonaparte B, Ballak SB, Jeukendrup AE, Van Loon LJC. Carbohydrate mouth rinsing in the fed state: lack of enhancement of time-trial performance, International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism 2009;19:400–9.
Beaven CM, Maulder P, Pooley A, Kilduff L, Cook C. Effects of caffeine and carbohydrate mouthrinses on repeated sprint performance. Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab 2013;38:633-637.
Dorling JL, Earnest CP. Effect of carbohydrate mouth rinsing on multiple sprint performance.Journal of the international society of sports nutrition 2013;10:41.
Pribyslavska V, Scudamore EM, Johnson SL, et al. Influence of carbohydrate mouth rinsing on running and jumping performance during early morning soccer scrimmaging. European journal of sport science 2016;16:441-7.
Chong E, Guelfi KJ, Fournier PA. Effect of a Carbohydrate mouth rinse on maximal sprintperformance in competitive male cyclist, Journal of Sport Science and Medicine in Sport 2011;14:162-167.
Bortolotti H, Pereira LA, Oliveira RS, Cyrino ES, Altimari LR. Carbohydrate mouth rinse does notimprove repeated sprint performance. Brazilian journal of kinanthropometry and humanperformance 2013;15:639-45.
Peart DJ. Quantifying the effect of carbohydrate mouth rinsing on exercise performance. Journal ofstrength and conditioning research 2017;31:1737-43.
Kasper AM, Cocking S, Cockayne M, et al. Carbohydrate mouthrinse and caffeine improves high-intensity interval running capacity when carbohydrate restricted. European journal of sport science 2016;16:560-568.
Racinais S, Bishop D, Denis R, Lattier G, Mendez-Villaneuva A, Perrey S. Muscle deoxygenationand neural drive to the muscle during repeated sprint cycling. Medicine and science in sport and exercise 2007;39:268-74.
Hopkins WG, Schabort EJ, Hawley JA. Reliability of power in physical performance tests. SportsMedicine2001;31:211-234.
Mayhew SR, Wenger HA. Time-motion analysis of Professional soccer. J Hum Mov Stud 1985;11:49-52.
Fell JW, Rayfield JM, Gulbin JP, Gaffney PT. Evaluation of the accusport lactate analyser. Int JSports Med 1998;19:199-204.
Coqueiro Rda S, Santos MC, Neto Jde S, Queiroz BM, Brügger NA, Barbosa AR. Validity of a portable glucose, total cholesterol and triglycerides multi-analyzer in adults. Bio Res Nurs2014;16:288-94.
Cohen J. A power primer. Psychol. Bull 1992;112:155-159.
Welle S, Lilavivathana U, Campbell RG. Increased plasma norepinephrine concentrations andmetabolic rates following glucose ingestion in man. Metabolism: Clinical and Experimental 1980;29:806-809.
Turner CE, Byblow WD, Stinear CM, Gant N. Carbohydrate in the mouth enhances activation ofbrain circuitry involved in motor performance and sensory perception. Appetite 2014;80:212-219.
Muhamed AMC, Mohamed NG, Ismail N, Aziz AR, Singh R. Mouth rinsing improves cycling endurance performance during Ramadan fasting in a hot humid enviroment. Applied Physiology, Nutrition and Metabolism 2013;39:458-464.
Clarke ND, Hammond S, Kornilios E, Mundy PD. Carbohydrate mouth rinse improves morning high-intensity exercise performance. European Journal of Sport Science 2017;17:955-963.
Coyle, E.F.,Coggan, A.R., Hemmert, M.K., Ivy, J.L. (1986). Muscle glycogen utilization during prolonged strenuous exercise when fed carbohydrate. Journal of Applied Physiology, 61(1), 165–72.