FİNANSAL SERBESTLEŞME, POLİTİKA HATALARI VE KRİZLER

Çalışmada 1980 sonrasına damgasını vuran neoliberal ekonomi politikalarının bir parçası olan finansal serbestleşmenin, farklı ekonomik yapıdaki ülkelerde ne tür sonuçlara yol açtığının değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Merkezdeki ülkeler serbestleşmeye aşamalı olarak, gerekli kurumsallaşma ve düzenlemelerle birlikte geçmişlerdir. Ancak çevre ülkelerde bu politikalar hızla uygulanmış, öncelikli olarak altyapının ve ilgili kurumların oluşturulması gerekirken bu zamana bırakılmış, dolayısıyla bu ülkeler ekonomilerdeki değişimlere oldukça hassas, hareketli ve spekülatif sermayenin olumsuz etkilerine maruz kalmışlardır. Döngüsel niteliğe bürünen bu dalgalanmalar benzer ekonomik yapıdaki ülke piyasalarını yayılma özelliğiyle etkiler hale gelmiştir. 1990’lı yıllara gelindiğinde bu sonuçlar ile birlikte geçmişte uygulanan politikalar masaya yatırılarak politika yanlışları ve eksiklikleri sorgulanmıştır. Neoliberal politikalarla piyasaların düzenleme dışı bırakılması amaçlanmasına rağmen, ardı ardına yaşanan finansal krizler kısmi düzenleme tartışmalarını yoğunlaştırmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Finansal Liberalizasyon, Finansal Kriz, Sıcak Para

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