Diyabetik Nefropati Evreleri Ve Evrelere Özgü Hemşirelik Yaklaşımı

Diyabetik Nefropati (DN) Türkiye’de kronik böbrek hastalığının önde gelen nedenidir. Morbidite ve mortalitesi yüksek, mikrovasküler komplikasyonlardan biridir.  Diyabetin bireyin genel sağlık durumuna ve ülke ekonomisine getirmiş olduğu yükü azaltmak için tıbbi ve koruyucu hemşirelik bakımını sağlamak önemlidir. Bu amaçla, bu derlemede hemşirelerin, Diabetes Mellitus hastalarının nefropati evrelerinde tıbbi ve bireysel bakımındaki rolü tartışılmıştır.

___

  • 1. Duran-Salgado MB, Rubio-Guerra AF. Diabetic nephropathy and inflammation, World Journal of Diabetes 2014;5(3):393-398.2. Atasoy A, Atay A, Ahbab S, Hanedar M, Yenigün M. Diyabetik nefropati’ye genel bir bakış Haseki Tıp Bülteni 2014:16-193. Kutlu Ç (2007) Diyabetik nefropatisi olan hastalarda proteinüri seviyeleri ile karotis intima media kalınlıkları arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi, Yayınlanmamış Uzmanlık Tezi, Haseki Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi.4. Yılmaz MT, Bayraktaroğlu T, Kutlutürk F, Karadeniz Ş, Sargın M. Turkish DEMAND İnvestigators. Microalbuminuria prevalence in turkish type 2 diabetics without known albuminuria: results of the developing education on microalbuminuria for awareness of renal and cardiovascular risks in diabetes study-demand-Turkey, Türkiye Diyabet ve Obezite Dergisi 2017;1(2):77-86. 5. Connor TMF, Oygar DD, Gale DP, Steenkamp R, Nitsch D, et al. Incidence of end-stage renal disease in the Turkish-Cypriot population of Northern Cyprus: a population based, Plos One 2014;8(1):1-7.6. Whiting DR, Guariguata L, Weil C, Shaw J, IDF diabetes atlas: global estimates of the prevalence of diabetes for 2011 and 2030. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice 2011;94(3):311-21. 7. Chen J.Diabetic Nephropathy:Scope of the Problem. In: Lerme EV, Batuman V (eds). Diabetes and Kidney Disease, Springer New York Heidelberg Dordrecht London 2014, P. 9.8. Gheith O, Farouk N, Nampoory N, Halim MA, Al-Otaibi T (2016) Diabetic kidney disease: world wide difference of prevalence and risk factors.Journal of Nephropharmacology 2016; 5(1): 49–56. 9. Süleymanlar G, Ateş K, Seyahi N, Türkiyede Nefroloji ve Diyaliz ve Transplantasyon, Regisrty 2016, Türk Nefroloji Derneği Yayınları, Ankara 2017, P.11, P.34. 10. Oktay S, Erdoğan S, Olgun N, Özcan Ş, Çoşansu G, Çelik S, Bektaş B, Yıldırım Dökecek N, 2011 Diyabet Eğitimcileri için Diyabet Ajandası, EOS Ajans, 34.Hafta http://www.tdhd.org/web_arsivi/2011_icerik.pdf, Erişim Tarihi:26.03.2018.11. Özcan Ş, Kronik Komplikasyonlar, Diyabet Hemşireliği Derneği Kitabı. Diyabet hemşireleri derneği yayınları, ss.45 http://www.tdhd.org/dhd_kitab.php, , Erişim Tarihi:26.03.2018.12. Ahmad J. Management of diabetic nephropathy: Recent progress and future perspective, Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome 2015;9(4): 343-358.13. Kurt M, Atmaca A, Gürlek A. Diyabetik nefropati, Hacettepe Tıp Dergisi 2004; 35:12-17. 14. American Diabetes Association: Nephropathy in diabetes (Position Statement). Diabetes Care 2004; 27 (Suppl.1):79–S83. http://care.diabetesjournals.org/content/27/suppl_1 (Erişim Tarihi: 26.03.2018).15. Girach A, Vignati L. Diabetic microvascular complications--can the presence of one predict the development of another? Journal of Diabetes and Its Complications 2006;20(4):188-199.16. Tokyukuk Gedik V, Çetinkalp Ş, Kabalak T, Yılmaz MT, İmamoğlu Ş,ve ark Diabetus Mellitus, İn İç Hastalıkları, Erol Ç (Edt), 1.Baskı, Nobel Tıp Kitapevleri Ankara, 2008,ss.3819.
  • 17. Perkins BA, Ficociello LH, Roshan B, Warram JH, Krolewski AS. In patients with type 1 diabetes and new-onset microalbuminuria the development of advanced chronic kidney disease may not require progression to proteinuria. Kidney International, 2010;77(1), 57–64.18. Krolewski AS, Niewczas MA, Skupien J, Gohda T, Smiles A, Eckfeldt JH, et al. Early progressive renal decline precedes the onset of microalbuminuria and its progression to macroalbuminuria. Diabetes Care 2014; 37(1): 226–234.19. Tilak P, Khashim Z, Kumpatla S, Babu M, Viswanathan V. Clinical significance of urinary Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 (uMCP-1) in Indian type 2 diabetic patients at different stages of diabetic nephropathy International Journal of Diabetes Mellitus 2010;2(1):15–19. 20. Wang QY, Chen FQ, Clinical significance and different levels of urinary monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes research and clinical practice 2009;83(2):215–921. Waikar SS, Bonventre JV. Biomarkers for the diagnosis of acute kidney ınjury. Current Opinion in Nephrology and Hypertension 2008;109:192–197. 22. Yeşil Mızrak FK. (2011) Diyabetik nefropati tanısında mikroalbüminüri tek seçenek mi? Yayınlanmamış Uzmanlık Tezi, Yeditepe Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, İstanbul. 23. Lloyd A, Komenda P. Optimizing care for Canadians with diabetic nephropathy in 2015. Canadian Journal of Diabetes 2015; 39(3): 221-228.24. John S Complication in diabetic nephropathy, Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome 2016;10(4): 247–249.25. Fiorina P, Venturini M, Folli F, Losio C, Maffi P, et al.2005,Natural history of kidney graft survival, hypertrophy, and vascular function in end-stage renal disease type 1 diabetic kidney-transplanted patients: beneficial impact of pancreas and successful islet cotransplantation .Diabetes Care 2005;28 (6):1303-1310.26. Gregory JM, Moore DJ. Can technological solutions for diabetes replace islet cell function? Organogenesis 2011;7 (1):32-41.27. Muthuppalaniappan VM, Sheaff Muhammad M, Yaqoob M, 2015, Diabetic nephropathy, Systemıc Dısease And The Kıdney, MEDICINE 43:9 ss:520-52428. Sharaf El Din UAA, Salem MM, Abdulazim DO. Diabetic nephropathy: Time to withhold development and progression - A review. Journal of Advanced Research 2017;8 (4): 363–373.29. Usuelli V, Rocca LE. Novel therapeutic approaches for diabetic nephropathy and retinopathy,Pharmacological Research 2015;98:39-44.30. Nazar CMJ. Diabetic nephropathy; principles of diagnosis and treatment of diabetic kidney disease.Journal of Nephropharmacolocy 2014; 3(1): 15–20.31. Erol Ö, Endokrin sistem hastalıkları ve bakım, In:Durna Z (edt), İç Hastalıkları Hemşireliği, Akademi Basım ve Yayıncılık, 2013,ss246-248.32. Waden J, Forsblom C, Thorn LM, Saraheimo M, Rosengård-Bärlund M, Heikkilä Q, et al.Physical activity and diabetes complications in patients with type 1 diabetes the Finnish diabetic nephropathy (FinnDiane) Study, Diabetes Care,2008;31(2):230-232.33. Olgun N, Eti Aslan F, Çoşansu G, Çelik S. Diyabetes Mellitus. In:Karadakovan A, Eti Aslan F, ed. Dahili ve Cerrahi Hastalıklarda Bakım, Adana, Nobel Tıp Kitapevi,. 2010.p.853-85434. Berthold A, Ralph T, Bernhard A. ACE inhibitors improve diabetic nephropathy through suppression of renal MCP-1. Diabetes Care 2003;26:2421–2425.35. Nezu U, Kamiyama H, Kondo Y, Sakuma M, Morimoto T, Ueda S. Effect of low-protein diet on kidney function in diabetic nephropathy: meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials 2013; 3(5):1-11.36. Bakris GL, Sarafidis PA, Weir MR, Dahlöf B, Pitt B, Renal outcomes with different fixed-dose combination therapies in patients with hypertension at high risk for cardiovascular events (ACCOMPLISH): a prespecified secondary analysis of a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2010;375(9721):1173-81. 37. Microvascular Complications and Foot Care: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2018 American Diabetes Association Diabetes Care 2018 Jan; 41(Supplement 1): S105-S118. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc18-S010. Erişim Tarihi:27.03.2018. 38. Lim AKH. Diabetic nephropathy – complications and treatment.International Journal of Nephrology and Renovascular Disease. 2014; 7: 361–381. 39. Pek H, Diyabet Hemşireliği Derneği Kitabı. Diyabet hemşireleri derneği yayınları, ss.26 http://www.tdhd.org/dhd_kitab.php, Erişim Tarihi:26.03.2018.40. Makura CBT, Nirantharakumar K, Girling AJ, Saravanan P, Narendran P.Effects of physical activity on the development and progression of microvascular complications in type 1 diabetes: retrospective analysis of the DCCT study.BMC Endocrine Disorders. 2013;13:37.