Arap İsyanları Sonrasında Ortadoğu’da Vekalet Savaşları: Yemen Örneği

Bu çalışma 2011 sonrasında Yemen’deki siyasal değişim ve çatışma sürecine odaklanmaktadır. Bazı dönüm noktalarını göz önünde bulundurarak çatışma sürecinin hangi formlara büründüğünü belirleme iddiasındadır. Bu bağlamda çalışma, 2011 yılında rejim değişimi talepleri ile başlayan ayaklanmaların 2014 yılının başından itibaren çatışma eksenli bir vekalet savaşına dönüştüğünü ve halen bu zeminde seyrettiğini savunmaktadır. Geçiş sürecini yönetmek üzere 2013 yılında oluşturulan Ulusal Diyalog Konferansı (UDK)’nın sonuçlarını kabul etmeyen çeşitli aktörlerin yeniden çatışma sürecini başlatmaları bu anlamda bir dönüm noktası olarak kabul edilmektedir. 2014 yılından itibaren oluşan boşluğunda çatışma yerel güçler arasında şiddetlense de uluslararası aktörlerin desteği ve doğrudan müdahalesi daha görünür bir seviyeye gelmiştir. Çalışma Yemen’deki vekalet savaşının uluslararası ve bölgesel aktörleri olarak İran, Suudi Arabistan/Birleşik Arap Emirlikleri (BAE) ve Amerika Birleşik Devletleri (ABD)’yi; yerel aktörler olarak da, Husiler (Ensarullah), Abdu Rabbu Mansur Hadi’ye bağlı hükümet güçleri ve Yemen El-Kaidesi olarak kabul etmektedir. Söz konusu vekalet savaşında taraflar Suudi Arabistan ile ittifak halindeki Hadi güçleri ile İran İran ve yerel vekilleri arasında bir mücadele söz konusudur. ABD ise hükümetle koordinasyon halinde El-Kaide’ye karşı operasyonlar yürütmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Vekalet Savaşı, Yemen, İran, Suudi Arabistan, ABD, Husiler, El-Kaide

Proxy Wars in the Middle East After the Arab Uprisings: Case of Yemen

This study focuses on the political change and conflict period in Yemen since 2011. It aims to define how the conflict period is formed by considering the turning points of the conflict. The study argues that the rebellions that started for regime change in 2011 in Yemen turned to a proxy war after January 2014 and that they are still on this ground. The National Dialogue Coalition, which was founded in 2013 to govern the transition period. However its failure at the beginning of 2014, is considered a turning point in this sense. In the power gap that has emerged since this date, the conflict has intensified among the local powers, but the support and direct intervention of international actors has come to a more visible level. The study assumes Iran, Saudi Arabia/United Arab Emirates and the United States as the international actors, and Houthis (Ansarullah), former regime forces and Yemen al-Qaeda as the local forces of the proxy war. The proxy war is a consequence of struggle between Iran and Saudi Arabia. USA as an international actor, carry out military operation against Al-Qaide forces in coordination with Yemeni government.

Keywords:

Proxy war, Yemen, Iran, Saudi Arabia, USA, Houthis, Al-Qaeda,

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