İSVEÇ’TE 2015 MÜLTECİ KRİZİ VE MÜLTECİ POLİTİKALARINDA İYİMSERLİĞİN SONU

İsveç diğer Avrupa devletleriyle karşılaştırıldığında, ılımlı, hoşgörülü ve eşitlikçi mülteci politikalarını uzun süre koruyan bir ülke olmuştur. İsveç’te mülteci politikaları 1980’lerin sonlarına kadar, benzeri görülmemiş biçimde, farklı ideolojilere sahip siyasi partilerin işbirlikleriyle yürütülmüştür. 1990’ların başında çeşitli sebeplerle (Doğu-bloğu ülkelerinin çözülmesi, Balkanlarda yaşanan savaşlar, ekonomik krizler, diktatör yönetimler gibi) ülkelerini terk eden kalabalıkların İsveç’i tercih etmesi, mülteci politikalarında görece istikrarlı sürdürülen partiler arası işbirliğinin bozulmasına yol açmış ve partiler arası fikir ayrılıklarını tetiklemiştir. 1990’ların sonu ve 2000’lerde sayıları belirgin biçimde artan mültecilere ilişkin siyasi partiler arasında ortaya çıkan fikir ayrılıkları, 2015 yılında çoğunluğu Suriye’deki iç savaştan kaçanların oluşturduğu rekor sayıda mülteci başvurusuyla krize dönüşmüştür. Nitekim 2016 yılı OECD verilerine göre İsveç, diğer Avrupalı devletlere kıyasla nüfusuna göre en fazla mülteci kabul eden devlet olmuş, bu durum ülke siyasetini alarma geçirmiştir. Bunun bir sonucu olarak siyasi partilerin mülteci politikaları ve söylemlerinde belirgin bir ‘U’ dönüşü yaşanmıştır. Bu bağlamda bu çalışma, İsveç’te mülteci politikalarını ve özellikle 2015 mülteci krizi sonrası siyasi partilerin mülteci politika ve söylemlerinde yaşanan değişimi konu edinmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Mülteci Krizi, İsveç, Sosyal Politika, Siyasi Partiler, Mülteci Politikaları

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