Yenilenebilir Enerji Projelerine Yönelik Güncel Yatırım ve Finansman Modelleri: Karşılaştırmalı Bir Değerlendirme

Dünyanın pek çok ülkesinde yenilenebilir enerji yatırımlarının ve toplam elektrik üretiminde yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarının payının artırılması amacıyla çeşitli yatırım ve finansman modelleri uygulanmaktadır. Bu modellere örnek olarak sabit fiyat garantisi, prim garantisi, yeşil sertifika, ihale ve açık eksiltme, sayaç ölçümüne dayalı tasarım, proje finansmanı, üçüncü taraf sahipliği, enerji kooperatifi, paya dayalı kitle fonlaması, yeşil tahvil ve yenilenebilir enerji fonu verilebilir. Bu makalede bu modeller, yapısı ve işleyişi dikkate alınarak karşılaştırmalı olarak incelenmiştir. Söz konusu modellerden sabit fiyat garantisi, prim garantisi ve yeşil sertifika tek başına ya da diğer modeller ile birlikte uygulanabilen modellerdir. Paya dayalı kitle fonlaması ve yeşil tahvil, etkin işleyen bir piyasada söz konusu üç modele bağımlı olmaksızın uygulanabilecek modellerdir. Sabit fiyat garantisi ve prim garantisi yerine ihale ve açık eksiltme modelleri giderek artan bir şekilde kullanılmaktadır. Bunun yanında, küçük ölçekli tesisler için sayaç ölçümüne dayalı tasarım tercih edilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Yenilenebilir Enerji, Elektrik Piyasası, Proje Finansmanı, Yatırım Modeli

Current Investment and Financing Models for Renewable Energy Projects: A Comparative Assessment

In many countries of the world, various investment and financing models are applied to support renewable energy investments and increase the share of renewable energy resources in total electricity generation. Examples of these models are feed-in tariff, feed-in premium, green certificate, tender and auctioning, the design based on meter measurement, project finance, third party ownership, energy cooperative, equity crowdfunding, green bonds, and renewable energy fund. In this article, these models are examined in a comparative manner, considering their structure and functioning. Among these models, feed-in tariff, feed-in premium, and green certificate models can be solely applied or in combination with other models. Equity crowdfunding and green bonds are noteworthy as the models that can be implemented in an effectively functioning market independent from the previous three models. Tender and auction models are increasingly being used in place of feed-in tariff and feed-in premium. In addition, the design based on meter measurement is preferred for small-scale plants.

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