Maslow’un İhtiyaçlar Hiyerarşisinin Genç Bireylerin Yaşam Tarzları İle Girişimcilik Niyetleri Açısından İncelenmesi

Günümüzde bireyler yaşam tarzları gereği çeşitli girişimsel faaliyetleri ihtiyaçları doğrultusunda gerçekleştirebilmektedirler. Özellikle genç bireyler teknolojik gelişmelere bağlı olarak sürekli değişen ekonomik ve sosyo-kültürel çevrede girişimcilik niyetleri farklılık gösterebilmektedir. Bu açıdan çalışma ile henüz eğitimi devam eden veya beş yıla kadar tamamlamış olan genç bireylerin yaşam tarzı değişkenlerinin (kendine özgü olmak, çeşitlilik aramak ve fikir liderliği yapmak) girişimcilik niyetleri üzerindeki etkileri ve girişimcilik niyetlerinin de Maslow’un ihtiyaçlar hiyerarşisi üzerindeki etkileri ölçülmeye çalışılmıştır. Daha önce gerçekleştirilen çalışmalarda genellikle Maslow’un ihtiyaçlar hiyerarşisi kendi içerisindeki değişkenler ile veya derecelendirme seviyelerine göre incelenmiştir. Ayrıca birçok çalışmada bu hiyerarşi bağımsız değişken olarak değerlendirmeye koyulmuştur. Uygulamada daha önceki çalışmalardan farklı olarak hiyerarşik yapı derecelendirilerek değil bir bütün halinde ve bağımlı değişken olarak incelemeye alınmıştır. Yani uygulamada genç bireylerin yaşam tarzı değişkenlerinin girişimcilik niyeti üzerindeki etkisi ve girişimcilik niyetlerinin de ihtiyaçlar hiyerarşisi üzerindeki etkileri araştırılmıştır. Çalışmada sadece bireylerin çeşitlilik aramaları değişkeninde anlamlı ilişki elde edilmemiş, diğer bütün değişkenler arasında anlamlı ilişkilere ulaşılmıştır. Uygulama sonuçlarında genç bireylerin kendine özgü olmalarının ve fikir liderliği yapmalarının girişimcilik niyetlerini pozitif olarak etkilediği görülmüştür. Çalışmada ayrıca genç bireylerin girişimcilik niyetlerinin fizyolojik ihtiyaçlarını, güvenlik ihtiyaçlarını, ait olma ihtiyaçlarını, saygı ihtiyaçlarını ve kendilerini gerçekleştirme ihtiyaçlarını pozitif olarak etkilediği sonuçlarına ulaşılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Yaşam Tarzı Değişkenleri, Girişimcilik Niyeti, İhtiyaçlar Hiyerarşisi

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