19084

‘Arap Baharı’ Sonrası Avrupa Komşuluk Politikasının Geleceği

Arap coğrafyasında 2010 yılının sonlarında başlayan ve 2011 ile sonrasında yoğunlaşan halk isyanları bölgede ve uluslararası arenada önemli yankılar uyandırmıştır. ‘Arap Baharı’ olarak adlandırılan bu süreç olayların cereyan ettiği ülkelerde muhalif hareketler ile iktidardaki rejimler arasında birtakım sorunların çıkmasına neden olmuştur. Bu halk isyanları kimi ülkelerde sert çatışmaların yaşanmasına kimi ülkelerde ise nispeten daha yumuşak iktidar değişikliklerine yol açmıştır. Ayrıca Arap Baharı aşırı dinci terör örgütlerinin ve göç dalgalarının ortaya çıkmasına neden olmuştur. Artan terör faaliyetleri ve göç dalgası özellikle Avrupa Birliğini siyasi, toplumsal ve ekonomik anlamda etkilemiştir. Arap coğrafyasında yaşanan halk hareketleri sonrasında AB, ortak bir dış politika izlemede zorlanmıştır. Makale çerçevesinde AB’nin birlik dışındaki ülkelerle olan ilişkilerini düzenleyen Komşuluk Politikasının Arap Baharı karşısında izlediği değişimin özellikleri belirtilecektir

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Arap Baharı, Avrupa Komşuluk Politikası, Terör

The Future of European Neighbourhood Policy After the ‘Arab Spring’

Public riots that started in the beginning of 2010 and intensified in 2011 and later on has stirred up important repercussions in the region and international relations. Changing structure of Arab Spring has caused to arise fundamentalist terror organizations and migration waves in the Middle Eastern and North African states. European Union exposed from terrorist actions and migration problems because of unstable environment in the region. European Union’s Common Foreign Policy and its European Neighbourhood Policy ENP have been influenced by Arab Spring. Member states did not take a common decision over Arab Spring and its impacts. In this study, key features and dynamics of Arab Spring and its implications over ENP and the basic concept changes of ENP after Arab Spring are mentioned

Keywords:

Arab Spring, European Neighbourhood Policy, Terrorist,

PDF

___

Abdelali, Abdelkader, “Wave of change in the Arab world and chances for a transition to democracy”, Contemporary Arab Affairs 6 (2013): 198-210.
Açıkmeşe, Sinem Akgül, “Management of Securıty In EU's Neighborhood: Unıon’s Tactics Revisited”, Perceptions: Journal of International Affairs 10 (2005): 1- 25.
Awad, Ibrahim, “Population Movements in the Aftermath of the Arab Awakening: The Syrian Refugee Crisis between Regional Factors and State Interest”, Migration in the Mediterranean: Human Rights, Security and Development Perspectives, der. Omar Grech ve Monika Wohlfeld, Malta: Gutenberg Press, 2014: 24-39.
Ayhan, Veysel ve Orhan, Oytun, “Suriye Muhalefeti’nin Antalya Toplantısı: Sonuçlar, Temel Sorunlara Bakış ve Türkiye’den Beklentiler”, Ortadoğu Analiz 3 (2011): 8-16.
Beck, Martin ve Hüser, Simone, “Political Change in the Middle East: An Attempt to Analyze the ‘Arab Spring’”, GIGA Working Papers, 203 (2012).
Behr, Timo, “After the Revolution: The EU and the Arab Transition” Notre Europe, 54, Erişim Tarihi: Temmuz 13, 2017, http://www.institutdelors.eu/media/eu_arabtransition_t.behr_ne_april2012.pdf? pdf=ok
Behr, Timo, “The European Union’s Mediterranean Policies after the Arab Spring: Can the Leopard Change its Spots?”, Amsterdam Law Forum 4 (2012): 76-88.
Bellal, Annyssa ve Doswald-Beck, Louise, “Evaluating the Use of Force During the Arab Spring”, Yearbook of Internatinal Humanitarian Law 14 (2011): 3-35.
Bicchi, Federica, “The Politics of Foreign aid and the European Neighbourhood Policy Post- Arab Spring: ‘More for More’ or ‘Less of the Same’”, Mediterranean Politics 19 (2014): 318-32.
Blanchard, Christopher M. ve Humud, Carla E., The Islamic State and U.S. Policy, CRS Report, Şubat 2016.
Boose, Jason William, “Democratization and Civil Society: Libya, Tunisia and the Arab Spring”, International Journal of Social Science and Humanity 2 (2012): 310-15.
Cafarella, Jennifer, Jabhat al-Nusra In Syrıa: An Islamic Emirate for Al-Qaeda, Middle East Security Report, 25 (2014).
Cameron, Fraser ve Balfour, Rosa, “The European Neighbourhood Policy as a Conflict Prevention Tool,” EPC Issue Paper 47 (2006).
Desai, Raj M., Olofsgard, Anders ve Yousef, Tarik, “Is the Arab Authoritarian Bargain Collapsing?”, Erişim Tarihi: Ekim 30 2013, http://www.brookings.edu/research/opinions/2011/02/09-arab-economiesdesai-yousef.
Dinçer, Osman Bahadır, (der.), Kapıdaki Kriz Suriye: Uluslararası Yaklaşımlar ve Türkiye İçin Öneriler, USAK Raporu, No: 12-02, Mart 2012.
Kirişci, Kemal, “The EU, Turkey, and the Arab Spring: Challenges and Opportunities for Regional Integration”, Working Paper: Global Turkey in Europe 1 (2012): 1-11.
Korutürk, Osman, “Arab Revolution: Should We Still Call It ‘Spring’?”, Turkish Policy Quarterly 10 (2012): 63-70.
Lundgren-Jörum, Emma, “Discourses of a Revolution: Framing the Syrian uprising”, Ortadoğu Analiz 3 (2012): 9-39.
Pillar, Paul R., “Alienation and Rebellion in the Arab World”, Mediterranean Quarterly 22 (2011): 8-19.
Rossi, Rosa, “The European Neighbourhood Policy in Perspective”, içinde European Neighbourhood Policy: Political, Economic and Social Issues, der. Fulvio Attinà ve Rosa Rossi, The Jean Monnet Centre “Euro-Med” Department of Political Studies, 2004.
Sağsen, İlhan, “Arap Baharı, Türk Dış Politikası ve Dış Algılaması”, Ortadoğu Analiz 3 (2011): 57-64.
Salık, Nuri, “Beşar Esad Dönemi Suriye Dış Politikasında Pragmatizm ve TürkiyeSuriye İlişkilerinin Geleceği”, Ortadoğu Analiz 3 (2011): 20-32.
Smith, Karen E., “The Outsiders: The European Neighbourhood Policy”, International Affairs 81 (2005): 757-73.
Süer, Berna, “Suriye’de Değişim Çabaları: Bir Bağlam ve Süreç Analizi”, Akademik Ortadoğu 6 (2012): 1-20.
Tilly, Charles, Avrupa'da Devrimler 1492-1992, İstanbul: Afa Yayınları, 1995.
Tömmel, Ingeborg, “The New Neighborhood Policy of the EU: An Appropriate Response to the Arab Spring?”, Democracy and Security 9 (2013): 19-39.
Wiarda, Howard J., “Arab Fall or Arab Winter?”, American Foreign Policy Interests 34 (2012): 134-37. Wieland, Carsten, “Between Democratic Hope and Centrifugal Fears, Syria’s
Unexpected Open-ended Intifada”, Internationale Politik und Gesellschaft 4 (2011): 45-60.
Whitman, Richard G. ve Juncos, Ana E., “The Arab Spring, the Eurozone Crisis and the Neighbourhood: A Region in Flux”, Journal of Common Market Studies 50 (2012): 147-161.
Yılmaz, Muzaffer Ercan, “Arap Devrimleri ve Ortadoğu’nun Yeniden Yapılanması”,Ortadoğu Analiz 3 (2011): 45-51.
Yılmaz, Muzaffer Ercan, “Suriye: Süreklilik ve Değişimin Çatışması”, Ortadoğu Analiz 3 (2011): 15-23.
European Commision, EC financial assistance to the Central and Eastern European countries
- Background Paper for Special Session II on The Role of Official Assistance in Creating the Conditions for Sustainable Development, 6-7 Aralık 2000.
European Commision, ‘Wider Europe—neighbourhood: a new framework for relations with our eastern and southern neighbours’, COM (2003) 104 final, 11 Mart 2003.
European Commision, ‘Communication on the Commission proposals for action plans under the European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP)’, COM (2004) 795 final, 9 Aralık 2004.
European Council, ‘A secure Europe in a better world: European Security Strategy’, Brussels, 12 Aralık 2003.
European Commision, ‘A new response to a changing Neighbourhood”, COM (2011) 303, 25 Mayıs 2011.
European Commision, ‘A Partnership for Democracy and Shared Prosperıty wıth the Southern Medıterranean’, COM (2011) 200 final, 8 Mart 2011.
Miltner, Peter, “The Union for the Mediterranean and the Eastern Partnership: A Comparative Analysis”, (Yüksek Lisans Tezi, College of Europe, 2009): 27, Erişim Tarihi: Temmuz 10, 2017, https://www.coleurope.eu/system/ files_force/research- paper/miltner.pdf?download=1.
Altemir, Antonio Blanc, ve Hernández, Eimys Ortiz, “The Union for the Medıterranean (UfM): A Crıtıcal Approach”, Paix et Securité Internationales, 2(2014), Erişim Tarihi: Temmuz 10, 2017, http://catedras.uca.es/jeanmonnet/revistas/paix-et-securite-internationales/numerosPSI/psi-02-etudesblanc-ortiz-upm.pdf
“Divide and Rule: The Schisms of the Syrian Opposition”, The Majalla, Erişim Tarihi: Ekim 30, 2013, http://www. majalla.com/eng/2012/01/article55228708
“Eastern Partnership and Development Cooperation” Policy Digest, 5 (2013), Erişim Tarihi: Temmuz 9, 2017, http://hand.org.hu/media/files/1416300556.pdf.
“European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP)”, European Union External Action Service, Erişim Tarihi: Mayıs 19, 2016, http://eeas.europa.eu/enp/aboutus/index_en.htm.
“European Neighbourhood and Partnership Instrument (ENPI)”, Erişim Tarihi: Mayıs 22, 2016, https://ec.europa.eu/europeaid/funding/europeanneighbourhood-and-partnership-instrument-enpi_en
“Remarks by EU High Representative Catherine Ashton following her meeting with U.S.
Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton”, 17 Mayıs 2011, Erişim Tarihi: Temmuz 13,2017,http://www.consilium.europa.eu/uedocs/cms_data/docs/pressdata/EN/f oraff/122073.pdf.
“Threat Tactics Report: Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant”, Erişim Tarihi: Nisan 23, 2016, https://info.publicintelligence.net/USArmy-TRISA-ISIL.pdf.
“The Arab Spring's Refugee Crisis”, ARDD-Legal Aid, Erişim Tarihi: 26 Nisan, 2016, http://ardd-jo.org/sites/default/files/resource-files/the_arab_springs_ refugee_crisis.pdf.
Uztopal, Deniz, “Paris katliamı nasıl gerçekleşti neden engellenmedi?”, Erişim Tarihi: Mart 24, 2016, https://www.evrensel.net/haber/265136/paris-katliaminasil-gerceklesti-neden-engellenmedi.

ISSN: 1303-2518
Yayın Aralığı: Yılda 2 Sayı
Başlangıç: 2001
Yayıncı: Ankara Üniversitesi Avrupa Toplulukları Araştırma ve Uygulama Merkezi