ÖĞRETMENLERİN ENGELLİLİĞE YÖNELİK TUTUMLARI ÜZERİNE BİR ARAŞTIRMA

İnsan hayatı önünde geçici veya kalıcı setler oluşturan engellilik, doğuştan veya sonradan herhangi bir nedenle bedensel, zihinsel ve sosyal yeteneklerin çeşitli derecelerde kaybedilmesi ile oluşmaktadır. Engelliler ve engellilik önündeki en temel kalıcı set toplumsal boyutta yaratılan ve yaşanılan tutumlardır. Bu tutumların oluşturulmasında önemli role sahip meslek gruplarından biri de öğretmenliktir. Nitekim öğretmenlerin, bireyin çocukluk ve olgunluk dönemi arasında oluşan ve daha sonra çalışma yaşamına taşıdığı tutumları üzerine etkileri bulunmaktadır. 138 öğretmenle gerçekleştirilen bu çalışmada öğretmenlerin kişisel olarak engelliliği nasıl algıladığı “Engellilere Yönelik Tutum Ölçeği” uygulanarak ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır. Araştırma sonucuna göre öğretmenlerin engelliliğe ilişkin tutumlarında medeni durumun, eğitim durumunun ve ailede engelli birey bulunmasının bir farklılık oluşturduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Anahtar Kelimeler:

Engelli, Engellilik, Tutum

A RESEARCH ON TEACHERS’ ATTITUDES TOWARDS DISABILITY

Disability that creates temporary or permanent sets in front of human life, forms viavarying degrees of loss of physical, mental and social skills with any reason inborn orafterwards. The most basic set in front of disability is the attitudes created and experiencedin the social dimension. Teaching is one of the significant professions in the formation ofthese attitudes. Indeed, teachers have an impact on attitudes consisting of an individual'schildhood and maturity period and then carrying to work life. The research carrying outwith 138 teachers tried to put forward teachers’ personal attitudes with using “Attitudestowards Persons with Disabilities Inventory”. According to the results, marital status,educational level and having disabled person in the family were found significant impacton teachers’ attitudes towards disability.

___

  • ABBERLEY, P. (1987), “The Concept of Oppression and the Development of a Social Theory of Disability”, Disability, Handicap and Society 2:5–20.
  • AVRAMIDIS, E., BAYLISS, P.& BURDEN, R. (2000), “A Survey into Mainstream Teachers’ Attitudes Towards the Inclusion of Children with Special Educational Needs in the Ordinary School in One Local Education Authority”, Educational Psychology, 20 (2), 191-211.
  • BARNES, C. (2000), “A Working Social Model? Disability, Work And Disability Politics in the 21st Century”, Critical Social Policy 20(4): 441–57.
  • BARNES, C., & MERCER, G. (2005), “Disability, Work And Welfare: Challenging The Social Exclusion Of Disabled Persons”, Work, Employment & Society, 19 (3), 527-545.
  • CAMERON, L. & RUTLAND, A. (2006), “Extended Contact Through Story Reading in School: Reducing Students’ Prejudice toward the Disabled”, Journal of Social Issues, 62 (3), 469-488.
  • CHIU, M.Y.L., & CHAN, K.K.L. (2007), Community Attitudes towards Discriminatory Practice Against Persons with Severe Mental Illness in Hong Kong, International Journal Of Social Psychiatry, 53 (2), 159-174.
  • DYSON, L.L. (2005), Kindergarten Children’s Understanding of and Attitudes toward Persons with Disabilities, Topics in Early Childhood Special Education, 25 (2), 95-105.
  • Engelliler Hakkında Kanun, Kanun Numarası: 5378, 07.07.2005/25878 sayılı R.G, www.mevzuat.gov.tr, 2014.
  • EUROPEAN COMMISSION (2002), Definitions of Disability In Europe: A Comparative Analysis.
  • GRAF, N. M., BLANKENSHIP, C. J., SANCHEZ, G. & CARLSON, R. (2007), Living on the Line: Mexican And Mexican American Attitudes toward Disability, Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin, 50 (3), 153-165.
  • HAHN, H. (1999), “The Political Implications of Disability Definitions and Data”, In R. P. Marinelli Ve A. E. Dell Orto (Eds.), The Psychological and Social impact of Disability, New York: Springer Publishing Company.
  • HUGHES, B. and PATERSON, K. (1997), “The Social Model of Disability and the Disappearing Body: Towards a Sociology of Impairment”, Disability and Society,12, 325–40.
  • INTERNATIONAL LABOUR ORGANIZATION (ILO), (1983), Vocational Rehabilitation and Employment (Disabled Persons) Convention, No. 159 Geneva, 69th ILC session.
  • KANER, S., ÖĞÜLMÜŞ, S., BÜYÜKÖZTÜRK, Ş. DÖKMEN, Z. (1997), “Toplum Özürlülüğü Nasıl Algılıyor Temel Araştırması”, T.C. Başbakanlık Özürlüler İdaresi Başkanlığı, Ankara.
  • KANER, S. (2000), “Özel Eğitime Giriş Dersinin, Öğretmen Adaylarının Zihinsel Engellilere Yönelik Tutumlarına Etkisi”, Çocuk Gelişimi ve Eğitimi Dergisi, 1 (1), 32-43.
  • KANER, S., ŞEKERCİOĞLU, G., YELLİCE, B. (2007), Öğretmenlerin ve Ana-Babaların Öz-Yetkinlik İnançları, Tükenmişlik Algıları ve Çocukların Problem Davranışları, Ankara, Proje No: 2006 09 04 009.
  • LUTZ, B.J., (2000), Understanding the Influence of Disability on Quality of Life: A Comparison on the Perspectives of Consumers with the Models in the Literature, Doctorate Thesis, University of Wisconsin-Madison.
  • MAROM, M., COHEN. D. & NAON, D. (2007), “Changing Disability-Related Attitudes And Self-Efficacy of Israeli Children via the Partners to Inclusion Programme, International Journal of Disability, Development and Education, 54 (1), 113-127.
  • MEYER, L., GOUVIER, W. D., DUKE, M. & ADVOKAT, C. (2001). Influence of Social Context on Reported Attitudes of Nondisabled Students towards Student with Disabilities. Rehabilitation Counselling Bulletin, 45 (1), 50-52.
  • NOWICKI, E. A. & SANDIESON, R. (2002), “A Meta-Analysis of School-Age Children’s Attitudes towards Persons with Physical and Intellectual Disabilities”, International Journal Of Disability, Development And Education, 49 (3), 243-265.
  • OLIVER, M. (1996), Understanding Disability: From Theory to Practice, Macmillan Basingstoke, UK.
  • PARASURAM, K. (2006), “Variables that Effect Teachers’ Attitudes toward Disability and Inclusive Education in Mumbai, India”, Disability And Society, 21 (3), 232-242.
  • TERVO, R. C., PALMER, G. & REDINIUS, P. (2004), “Health Professional Student Attitudes towards Persons with Disability”, Clinical Rehabilitation, 18, 908-915.
  • TÜRK DİL KURUMU (TDK), www.tdk.gov.tr, 2014.
  • TÜRK STANDARTLARI ENSTİTÜSÜ (TSE),Türk Standartları, Özürlü İnsanların İkamet Edeceği Binaların Düzenlenmesi Kuralları, Ankara, 1991.
  • TÜRKİYE İSTATİSTİK KURUMU (TUİK), (2011), Özürlülerin Sorun ve Beklentileri Araştırması 2010, Yayın No: 3636, Ankara.
  • UNITED NATIONS (UN), (1975), Declaration on the Rights of Disabled Persons (U.N. General Assembly - 30th Session), pp 88-89.
  • VEN, L., POST, M., WITTE, L. & HEUVEL, W. (2005), “It Takes Two to Tango: The Integration of Persons with Disabilities into Society”, Disability and Society, 20 (3), 311-329.
  • WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION (WHO), (2013), Disability Report, World Health Organization, Geneva.