KURUMSAL SOSYAL SORUMLULUK KAVRAMI VE GELİŞMEKTE OLAN ÜLKELERDE KONUYA BAKIŞ

Öz Isletmelerin, sorumluluk alanlarini belirlerken, giderek karmasiklasan isletme agindaki tüm paydas gruplarinin görüslerini ve beklentilerini dikkate alarak faaliyetlerini gelistirmeleri önem tasimaktadir. Bu dogrultuda cevaplanmasi gereken sorulardan biri, firmalarin mi toplumun ve bireyin ihtiyaçlarini karsilamak için var oldugu, yoksa birey ve toplumun mu firmalarin devamliligi için var oldugu sorusudur. Bu çerçevede gelisen Kurumsal Sosyal Sorumluluk (KSS) uygulamalari, özellikle, pazar dinamikleri bakimindan önemli bir potansiyel içeren ama ayni ölçüde kirilgan bir yapida olan, gelismekte olan ülkeler baglaminda dikkat çekmektedir. Bu düsünceyi esas alarak gerçeklestirilen çalismada, öncelikle, KSS’nin kavramsal çerçevesi, kapsami ve önemi tartisilacak, ardindan; “Kurumsallasma Teorisi”, “Paydas Yaklasimi” ve “Stratejik Yaklasim”in KSS anlayisi için olusturdugu teorik temeller açiklanacak ve son olarak, konunun gelismekte olan ülkelerde nasil ele alindigina deginilecektir.

___

Araya, M. 2006. Exploring Terra Incognita: Non-financial Reporting in Latin America. Journal of Corporate Citizenship 21, Spring: 25–38.

Baughn, C., Bodie, N., McIntosh, J. 2007. Corporate Social and Environmental Responsibility in Asian Countries and Other Geographical Regions. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management. 14 (4): 189–205.

Bowen, H. 1953. Social Responsibilities of the Businessman, USA: Harper&Brothers.

Carroll, A.B. 1979. A Three-Dimensional Conceptual Model of Corporate Performance. Academy of Management Review. 4(4): 497-505.

Carroll, A.B. 1991. The Pyramid Of Corporate Social Responsibility: Toward The Moral Management of Organizational Stakeholders. Business Horizons. 39-48.

Carroll, A.B. 1999. Corporate Social Responsibility: Evolution of a Definitional Construct. Business & Society, 38(3): 268-295.

Carroll, A.B. ve Buchholtz. 2003. Business& Society Ethics and Stakeholder Management. 5.bs., USA: Thompson-Southwestern Publishing

Chapple, W. ve Moon, J. 2005. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in Asia: A Seven-Country Study of CSR Web Site Reporting. Business & Society, 44(4): 415-441.

Cruz L.B., vd. (2006), “Towards Sustainable Development Strategies: A Complex View Following the Contribution of Edgar Morin”, Management Decisions, 44(7): 871-891.

Dobers, P. Ve Halme, M. 2009. Corporate Social Responsibility and Developing Countries. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management. 16: 237–249.

Elkeiy M. 2005. Give and Take, FDI Magazine, Financial Times Press, February Issue.

Eren, E. 2000, Stratejik Yönetim ve Isletme Politikas, Istanbul: Beta Yayinevi.

Eweje, G. 2006. The Role of MNEs in Community Development Initiatives in Developing Countries: Corporate Social Responsibility at Work in Nigeria and South Africa. Business& Society, 45(2): 93-129.

Freeman, R.E ve Reed, D.L. 1983. Stockholders and Stakeholders: A New Perspective on Corporate Governance. California Management Review 25(3): 88-106.

Freeman, R. E., Wicks, A. C. ve Parmer, B. 2004. Stakeholder Theory and "The Corporate Objective Revisited". Organization Science. 15(3): 364369.

Friedman, M. 1970. The Social Responsibility of Business is to Increase its Profits, New York Times Magazine, 33: 122–126.

Frooman, J. 1999. Stakeholder Influence Strategies. Academy of Management Review, 24(2): 191-205.

Frynas, J.G. 2005. The false developmental promise of Corporate Social Responsibility: Evidence From Multinational Oil Companies. International Affairs, 81(3): 581-598.

Gardiner, L., Rubbens, C ve Bonfiglioli, E. (2003) “Big Business, Big Responsibilities”, Corporate Governance. 3 (3) :67-77.

Godfrey, P.J. ve Hatch, N.W. 2007. Researching Corporate Social Responsibility: An Agenda for the 21st Century, Journal of Business Ethics, 70: 87-98.

Hatcher, M. 2002. New Corporate Agendas, Journal of Public Affairs, 3(1): 32-38.

Henriques, I. ve Sadorsky, H. (1996). The Determenants of Environmentally Responsibel Firm. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management. 30 (3): ss. 381- 395.

Ite, U.E., 2004. Multinationals and Corporate Social Responsibility In Developing Countries: A Case Study of Nigeria. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 11: 1-11.

Jamali, D. 2007. The Case for Strategic Corporate Social Responsibility in Developing Countries. Business and Society Review, 112 (1):1-27.

Jamali, D. 2008. A Stakeholder Approach to Corporate Social Responsibility: A Fresh Perspective into Theory and Practice. Journal of BusinessEthics, 82: 213–231.

Jennings, P.D. ve Zandbergen, P.A. 1995. Ecologically Sustainable Organization An Institutional Approach. Academy of Management Review, 20(4):1015-1052.

Jepperson, R. L. 1991. Institutions,Institutional Effects,and Institutionalism. W. Powell ve P.J. Dimaggio (Der.), The New Institutionalism In Organization Analysis. Chicago: The University Of Chicago Press: 143-163.

Kotler, P. ve Lee, N. 2005. Kurumsal Sosyal Sorumluluk (Çeviri :Sibel Kaçamak). Istanbul: MediaCat Yayinlari.

Küskü, F. ve Zarkada-Fraser, A. (2004) An Emprical Investication of Corporate Citizenship in Australia and Turkey. British Journal of Management. 15: 57-72.

Küskü, F. (2007) From Neccesity to Responsibility: Evidence for Corporate Environmental Citizenship Activities from a Developing Country Perspective.Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management. 14: 74-87.

Lamberti, L. ve Lettieri, E. 2009. CSR Practices and Corporate Strategy: Evidence from a Longitudinal Case Study, Journal of Business Ethics, 87: 153–168.

Lantos, G. P. 2001. The Boundaries of Strategic Corporate Social Responsibility. Journal of Consumer Marketing. 18(7): 595–630.

Longo, M., Mura, M. ve Bonoli, A. 2005. Corporate Social Responsibility and Corporate Performance: The Case of Italian SMEs, Corporate Governance, 5(4): 28–42.

Maignan, I., Ferrell, O.C. ve Ferrell,L. 2005. A Stakeholder Model for Implementing Social Responsibility in Marketing. European Journal of Marketing, 39 (9/10): 956-977.

Martinet A. C. ve Reynaud, E. 2004. Entreprise durable, Finance et Stratégie, RevueFrançaise de Gestion.

McGee, J. 1998. Commentary on Corporate Strategies and Environmental Regulations: An Organizing Framework by A. M. Rugman and A. Verbeke ,Strategic Management Journal, 19: 377-387.

Moore G. 2003. Hives and Horseshoes, Mintzberg or MacIntyre: What Future for Corporate Social Responsibility?, BusinessEthics: A European Review, 12(1): 41-53.

Mutlu, E.C. ve digerleri. 2007. 500 Büyük Isletmenin Web Sitelerinde Yer Alan Sosyal Sorumluluk Ifadelerinin Içerik Analizi ile Incelenmesi. 15. Ulusal Yönetim K ongresi Bildiri K itabi, 25-27 Mayis, Sakarya.

Pfeffer, J. ve Salancik, G.R. 1978. The External Control of Organizations: A Resouirce Dependence Perspective, Stanford University Press, USA, 2003.

Porter, M.E. ve Kramer, M.R. 2006. The Link Between Competitive Advantage and Corporate Social Responsibility. Harvard Business Review :78-92.

Powell, W. ve DiMaggio, P.J. 1991. The New Institutionalism In Organization Analysis. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.

Rowley, T.J. 1997. Moving Beyond Dyadic Ties: A Network Theory Of Stakeholder Influences. Academy of Management Review. 22(4): 887910.

Rugman, A. M. ve Verbeke, A. “Corporate Strategies and Environmental Regulations: An Organizing Framework” , Strategic Management Journal, 19 (4): 377-387.

Saglam, Mehmet. Örgütsel Degisme. Türkiye ve Orta Dogu Amme Idaresi Enstitüsü Yayinlari no.185. Ankara: Dogan Basimevi, 1979.

Scott, W.R. 1987. The Adolescence of Institutional Theory, Administrative Science Quarterly, 32: 493-511.

Scott, W. R. 1991. Unpacking Institutional Arguments. W. Powell ve P.J. Dimaggio (Der.), The New Institutionalism In Organization Analysis Chicago: The University Of Chicago Press: 164-183.

Scott, R. 1995. Institutions and Organizations. London: Sage.

Selznick, P. 1957. Leadership in Administration, A Sociological Interpretation. New York: Harper and Row.

Sharfman, M., Shaft, T. ve Tihanyi, L. 2004. A model of the global and institutional antecedents of high level corporate environmental performance. Business& Society, 43(1): 6-36.

Shepard, J. M., Betz, M. ve O'Connel, L. 1997. The Proactive Corporation: Its Nature and Causes. Journal of Business Ethics, 16: 1001-1010.

Spiller, R. 2000. Ethical Business and Investment: A Model for Business and Society. Journal of BusinessEthics, 27: 149-160.

Visser, W. 2008. Corporate Social Responsibility in Developing Countries, A.Crane, A.McWilliams, D.Matten, J.Moon ve D.Siegel (Der.), The Oxford Handbook of Corporate Social Responsibility: 473-499. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Vives, A. 2006. Social and Environmental Responsibility in Small and Medium Enterprises in Latin America’. Journal of Corporate Citizenship, 21, Spring: 39–50.

Waddock, S.A., Bodwell, C. and Graves, S.B. 2002. Responsibility: The New Business Imperative, Academy of Management Executive. 16 (2): 132–148.

Welford R., Chan C. ve Man, M. 2007. Priorities for corporate social responsibility: A Survey of Businesses and Their Stakeholders. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management.15(1): 52–62.

Zucker, L. 1983. Organizations As Institutions. Research In Sociology of Organizations, 2: 1-47.