İTALYA, MİLANO’DA YAŞAYAN TÜRKİYELİLERİN GÖÇMENLİK DENEYİMLERİ

Bu çalışma 2013 yılı yazında Milano/İtalya’da Türkiyeli göçmenlerle yapılan yapılan saha araştırmasına dayanmaktadır ve onların uluslararası göçmenlik deneyimlerini çok boyutlu bir bakış açısıyla analiz etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Milano’daki Türkiyeli göçmenler geniş bir grup oluşturmamakla birlikte, onların göçünün kapitalizmin küresel döneminin göçlerinin genel özelliklerini taşıdığını gözlemlemek ve bunun da ötesinde, dünya ekonomik krizine paralel olarak yeni trendler de saptamak olanaklıdır. Italyan ekonomisi 2009 yılında kendi krizi ile dünya ekonomisindeki kriz çakışınca derin bir durgunluğa girdi. Bu durum göçmen işçilerin işlerini kaybetmelerine yol açtı. Günümüzde, sadece göreli olarak yeni Türkiyeli göçmenler değil, Milano’da uzun süredir yaşayan göçmenler de kendilerine orada güvenli bir gelecek görememektedirler ve bir kez daha göç yollarına düşme hazırlığı yapmaktadırlar. Göçün süreklileşmesi olgusu, son yıllarda dünya ekonomisindeki kriz derinleştikçe ve sermaye hareketleri hızlandıkça, göçün enformelliğin artışı, göçmen kaçakçılarının artan rolü, göçmenlerin sosyo-mekansal dışlanması, vatandaşlık ve aidiyet sorunları ve göçmenlerin işçi sınıfının en zayıf kesimini oluşturması gibi diğer özelliklerine ek olarak, giderek daha belirgin bir özellik olarak ortaya çıkmaktadır.

EXPERIENCES OF MIGRANTS FROM TURKEY IN MILAN/ITALY

This study bases on the field research implemented in the summer of 2013 in Italy/Milan on Turkish Migrants from Turkey, and it aims to analyse their experiences as international migrants from a multi-dimensional perspective. Eventhough migrants from Turkey in Milan do not form a large group, it still is possible to observe that their migration carries general characteristics of migrations in the global round of capitalism, and beyond that it is also possible to detect new trends in parallel to deepening world economic crisis. Italian economy went into deep recession in 2009 when worldwide economic crisis overlapped its own. This situation led migrant workers losing their jobs. Currently, not only comparatively new Turkish migrants but also migrants who spent some years in Milan cannot see a secure future there anymore and getting ready to migrate yet again. Protracted feature of migration is becoming increasingly salient in the recent years in parallel to the deepening world economic crisis and accelerating capital movements in addition to other features such as informal character of migration, the role of migrant trafficers, socio-spatial exclusion of migrants, citizenship and belonging and forming the most precarious part of working class. 

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