Öz
Yapabilirlikler yaklaşımı kalkınma ekonomisi, yoksulluk, sosyal seçim kuramı ve sosyal adalet konularında şu ana kadar cevap verilmemiş birçok soruya cevap veren yeni bir yaklaşımdır. Sen ve Nussbaum tarafından geliştirilmiş bir yaklaşım olarak, adil toplumun farklı iyi hayat tanımına sahip bireylerin değer verdiklerini gerçekleştirebildikleri toplum olduğunu iddia etmektedir. Gelecek vadeden bir yaklaşım olmasına rağmen, hangi insan işlevlerin değerli yapabilirlikler olarak tanımlanması gerektiği gibi, kimi konularda muğlaklıklar barındırmaktadır. Bu tartışma içerisinde, Sen değerli işlevlerin bağlamsal olduğunu iddia ederek bireylerin kendileri tarafından tanımlanması gerektiği söylerken; Nussbaum, bireylerin tercihlerinin sosyal yapı tarafından şekillendirildiğine ve dolayısıyla dışarıdan bir gözle tanımlanması gerektiğini iddia etmektedir. Bu çalışma, bir alan araştırmasına dayanarak, bireylerin kendi dezavantajlı koşulları üzerine karmaşık değerlendirmelerde bulunabildiklerini iddia etmektedir. Bu sebeple, Nussbaum’un paternalist ve modernist iddiasına karşı, bireylerin nelere değer verdiklerini göz ardı etmek yerine, daha fazla sosyolojik, antropolojik ve etnografik alan araştırmasıyla, onların değerlemesini etkileyen bağlamsal sınırlılıklara odaklanmayı önermektedir.
___
Alkire, S. (2002a). Valuing Freedoms: Sen’s Capability
Approach and Poverty Reduction. UK: Oxford University
Press.
Alkire, S. (2002b). Dimensions of Human Development.
World Development, 30 (2), 181-205.
Alkire, S. (2005). Why the Capability Approach. Journal
of Human Development, 6 (1), 115-33.
Alkire, S. (2008). Using the Capability Approach: Prospective
and Evaluative Analyses. Flavio Comim,
Mozaffer Qizilbash, Sabina Alkire (Ed.), The Capability
Approach: Concepts, Measures and Applications
içinde (s. 26-51). US: Cambridge University
Press.
Alkire, S., Deneulin, S. (2009). The Human Development
and the Capability Approach. Severine Deneulin,
Lila Shahani (Ed.), An Introduction to the
Human Development and the Capability Approach
içinde (s. 22-48). UK: Earthscan.
Arun, M. O. (2016). A Sociological Application of Sen’s
Capability Approach to (Dis)advantages in Turkey.
(Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi). Manchester Üniversitesi/
Sosyal Bilimler Okulu, Manchester.
Bentham, J. (2005). An Introduction to the Principle of
Morals and Legislation. Oxford, UK: Oxford University
Press. (Özgün eser 1789 tarihlidir)
Burchardt, T. (2009). Agency Goals, Adaptation and
Capability Set. Journal of Human Development and
Capabilities, 10 (1), 3-19.
Campbell, T. (2010). Justice. UK: Palgrave Macmillan.
Comim, F. (2008). Measuring Capabilities. Flavio Comim,
Mozaffer Qizilbash, Sabina Alkire (Ed.), The
Capability Approach: Concepts, Measures and Applications
içinde (s. 157-200). US: Cambridge University
Press.
Deneulin, S. (2002). Perfectionism, Paternalism and
Liberalism in Sen and Nussbaum’s Capability Approach.
Review of Political Economy, 14 (4), 497-518.
Dreze, J., Sen, A. K. (2002). India: Development and
Participation. UK: Oxford University Press.
Elliot, J. (2005). Using Narrative in Social Research:
Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches. UK: Sage
Publications.
Elster, J. (1982). Sour Grapes Utilitarianism and Genesis
of Wants. A. K. Sen, B. Williams (Ed.), Utilitarianism
and Beyond içinde (s. 219-38). UK: Cambridge
University Press.
Fukuda-Parr, S. (2003). The Human Development Paradigm:
Operationalizing Sen’s Ideas on Capabilities,
Feminist Economics, 9 (2-3), 301-17.
Hume, D. (2006). An Enquiry Concerning the Principle
of Morals. UK: Oxford University Press. (Özgün
eser 1751 tarihlidir)
Khader, S. (2009). Adaptive Preferences and Procedural Autonomy. Journal of Human Development and Capabilities, 10 (2), 169-87.
Lawler, S. (2002). Narrative in Social Research. Tim May (Ed.), Qualitative Research in Action içinde (s. 242-258). UK: Sage Publication.
Locke, J. (1956). The Second Treatise of Government and a Letter Concerning Toleration. UK: Basil Blackwell & Mott Limited. (Özgün eser 1689 tarihlidir)
Lukes, S. (1974). Power: A Radical View. UK: Macmillan.
Menon, N. (2002). Universalism without Foundation? Economy and Society, 31 (1), 152-69.
Mitchell, C. (2011). A Narrative Inquiry of Women’s Lives in Mugu, Nepal: Identities, Power Relations and Education. (Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi). Queens Üniversitesi/Eğitim Fakültesi, Belfast.
Nozick, R. (1974). Anarchy, State, and Utopia. US: Basic Books Inc.
Nussbaum, M. (1987). Nature, Function and Capability: Aristotle on Political Distribution (Rapor No: 31), Helsinki: WIDER Working Papers. https://www.wider.unu.edu/sites/default/files/WP31.pdf Erişim 09.09.2016.
Nussbaum, M. (1999). Women and Equality: The Capabilities Approach. International Labour Review, 138 (3), 227-45.
Nussbaum, M. (2000). Women and Human Development: The Capabilities Approach. UK: Cambridge University Press.
Nussbaum, M. (2003). Capabilities as Fundamental Entitlements: Sen and Social Justice. Feminist Economics, 9, 33-59.
Nussbaum, M. (2007). Frontiers of Justice: Disability, Nationality, Species Membership. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Nussbaum, M. (2011). Creating Capabilities: The Human Development Approach. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Okin, S. M. (2003). Poverty, Well-being, and Gender: What Counts, Who’s Heard. Philosophy and Public Affairs, 31 (3), 280-316.
Qizilbash, M. (2002). Development, Common Foes and Shared Values. Review of Political Economy, 14 (4), 463-80.
Polkinghorne, D. (1991). Narrative and Self-Concept. Journal of Narrative and Life History, 1 (2-3), 135-53.
Rawls, J. (1985). Justice as Fairness: Political not Metaphysical. Philosophy & Public Affairs, 14 (3), 223-51.
Rawls, J. (2001). Justice as Fairness: A Restatement. US: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.
Rawls, J. (2003). A Theory of Justice. US: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.
Riessman, C. K. (2002). Narrative Analysis. A. Michael Huberman, Matthew B. Miles (Ed.), The Qualitative Researcher’s Companion içinde (s. 216-71). US: Sage Publication.
Riessman, C. K., Speedy, J. (2007). Narrative Inquiry in Psychotherapy Professions: A Critical Review. D. Jean Clandinin (Ed.), Handbook of Narrative Inquiry: Mapping a Methodology içinde (s. 426-56). US: Sage Publication.
Robeyns, I. (2003). Sen’s Capability Approach and Gender Inequality: Selecting Relevant Capabilities. Feminist Economics, 9 (2-3), 61-92.
Robeyns, I. (2005a). The Capability Approach: A Theoretical Survey. Journal of Human Development, 6 (1), 93-114.
Robeyns, I. (2005b). Selecting Capabilities for Quality of Life Measurement. Social Indicators Research, 74, 191-215.
Robeyns, I. (2006). The Capability Approach in Practice.
The Journal of Political Philosophy, 14 (3), 351-76.
Robeyns, I. (2009). Capability Approach. Jan Peil, Irene
Van Staveren (Ed.), Handbook of Economics and
Ethics içinde (s. 39-46). UK: Edward Elgar Publishing
Limited.
Sen, A. K. (1979a). Utilitarianism and Welfarism. The
Journal of Philosophy, 76 (9), 463-89.
Sen, A. K. (1979b). Equality of What? – The Tanner
Lecture on Human Values. http://tannerlectures.
utah.edu/_documents/a-to-z/s/sen80.pdf Erişim
21.09.2016.
Sen, A. K. (1983a). Poverty and Famines: An Essay on
Entitlement And Deprivation. UK: Oxford University
Press.
Sen, A. K. (1983b). Poor, Relatively Speaking. Oxford
Economic Papers, 35 (2), 153-69.
Sen, A. K. (1985a). The Standard of Living – The Tanner
Lecture on Human Values. http://tannerlectures.
utah.edu/_documents/a-to-z/s/sen86.pdf Erişim
24.09.2016.
Sen, A. K. (1985b). A Sociological Approach to the
Measurement of Poverty: A Replay to Professor
Peter Townsend. Oxford Economic Papers, 37 (4),
669-76.
Sen, A. K. (1987). Commodities and Capabilities. 3rd
Edition. Delhi: Oxford University Press.
Sen, A. K. (1990). Justice: Means versus Freedoms. Philosophy
& Public Affairs, 19 (2), 111-21.
Sen, A. K. (1992). Inequality Re-examined. US: Oxford
University Press.
Sen, A. K. (1997). On Economic Inequality. UK: Clarendon-
Oxford University Press.
Sen, A. K. (1999). Development as Freedom. US: Knopf
Borzoi Books.
Sen, A. K. (2004). Dialogue: Capabilities, Lists and
Public Reason: Continuing the Conversation. Feminist
Economics, 10 (3), 77-80.
Sen, A. K. (2005). Human Rights and Capabilities. Journal
of Human Development, 6 (2), 151-66.
Sen, A. K. (2009). The Idea of Justice. US: The Belknap
Press of Harvard University Press.
Squire, C. (2008). Experience-Centred and Culturally-
Oriented Approaches to Narrative. Molly Andrews,
Corinne Squire, Maria Tamboukou (Ed.),
Doing Narrative Research içinde (s. 42-64). UK:
Sage Publication.
Spector-Mersel, G. (2010). Narrative Research: Time
for a Paradigm. Narrative Inquiry, 20 (1), 204-24.
Stewart, F. (2001). Book Review: Women and Human
Development: The Capabilities Approach by Martha
Nussbaum. Journal of International Development,
13 (8), 1191-2.
Teschl, M., Comim, F. (2005). Adaptive Preferences
and Capabilities: Some Preliminary Conceptual
Explorations. Review of Social Economy, 63 (2),
229-47.
Townsend, P. (1979). Poverty in the United Kingdom.
UK: Penguin Books.
Townsend, P. (1985). A Sociological Approach to the
Measurement of Poverty: A Rejoinder to Professor
Amartya Sen. Oxford Economic Papers, 37 (4), 659-
68.
Townsend, P. (1987). Deprivation. Journal of Social Policy,
16 (2), 125-46.
Trahar, S. (2009). Beyond the Story Itself: Narrative
Inquiry and Auto-ethnography in Intercultural
Research in Higher Education. Forum: Qualitative
Social Research, 10 (1), Article 30. http://www.
qualitative-research.net/index.php/fqs/article/
view/1218/2653 Erişim 04.09.2016.
Walby, S. (2012). Sen and the Measurement of Justice and Capabilities: A Problem in Theory and Practice. Theory, Culture, and Society, 29 (1), 99-118.
Watts, M. (2009). Sen and the Art of the Motorcycle Maıntenance: Adaptive Preferences and Higher Education. Studies in Philosophy and Education, 28, 425-36.
Watts, M. (2013). The Complexities of Adaptive Preferences in Post-Compulsory Education: Insights from the Fable of the Fox and Grapes. Journal of the Human Development and Capabilities, 14 (4), 503-19.
Young, M. (2011). The Rise of the Meritocracy with a New Introduction by the Author, New Brunswick, London: Transaction Publishers. (Özgün eser 1958 tarihlidir).
Zimmermann, B. (2006). Pragmatism and the Capability Approach. Challenges in Social Theory and Empirical Research. European Journal of Social Theory, 9 (4), 467-84.