Transformation of Entrepreneur’s Passion to Organizational Culture

Öz p.p1 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px 'Minion Pro'; min-height: 14.0px} p.p2 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify; line-height: 10.1px; font: 10.0px 'Minion Pro'; color: #2d2829} span.s1 {font: 12.0px 'Minion Pro'; color: #000000} Literature on investment studies show that one of the basic criteria of angel investors regarding a well-founded start-up is the passion of the team they will invest in, alongside many other tangible criteria. This fact raises some questions including how do entrepreneurs transform their enterprise passion into the organizational culture. In this study, passion is defined as a sociological structure which can be examined with dualistic model. In the start-up, construction of this structure and its transforming into the organizational culture are examined. In line with this purpose, enterprises from the earliest Science and Technology Park were selected in Turkey. Current study was carried out in three phases. The data was collected from 9 entrepreneurs and 26 employees by face to face interview and evaluated by critical discourse analysis. According to the findings, the entrepreneurs were classified into four categorizations in terms of their passion. While entrepreneurs who belong to first category could not transform their passion to the organizational culture the most successful entrepreneurs about transformation are in the category four. Successful entrepreneurs can share passion more easily with their employees if they have internalized -not idealized- besides having risk oriented passion. 

___

Balon, S., Lecoq, J., & Rimé, B. (2013). Passion and Personality: Is Passionate Behaviour a Function of Personality?. Revue Européenne de Psychologie Appliquée/European Review of Applied Psychology, 63(1), 59-65. doi:10.1016/j.erap.2012.06.001 Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: Toward a Unifying Theory of Behavioral Change. Psychological Review, 84(2), 191-215. doi:10.1037/0033-295X.84.2.191 Baron, R. A. (2008). The Role of Affect in the Entrepreneurial Process. Academy of Management Review, 33(2), 328-340. doi:10.2307/20159400 Baum, J. R., Locke, E. A., & Smith, K. G. (2001). A Multidimensional Model of Venture Growth. Academy of Management Journal, 44(2), 292-303. doi:10.2307/3069456 Bourdieu, P. (1986). Habitus, Code et Codification. Actes de la Recherche en Sciences Sociales, 64(1), 40-44. doi:10.3406/arss.1986.2335 Bourdieu, P., & Wacquant, L. (1992). An Invitation to Reflexive Sociology. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. Busenitz, L. W., & Barney, J. B. (1997). Differences between Entrepreneurs and Managers in Large Organizations: Biases and Heuristics in Strategic Decision- Making. Journal of Business Venturing, 12(1), 9-30. doi:10.1016/S0883-9026(96)00003-1 Cardon, M. S. (2008). Is Passion Contagious? The Transference of Entrepreneurial Passion to Employees. Human Resource Management Review, 18(2), 77-86. doi:10.1016/j.hrmr.2008.04.001 Cardon, M. S., Gregoire, D. A., Stevens, C. E., & Patel, P. C. (2013). Measuring Entrepreneurial Passion: Conceptual Foundations and Scale Validation. Journal of Business Venturing, 28(3), 373-396. doi:10.1016/j.jbusvent.2012.03.003 Cardon, M. S., Wincent, J., Singh, J., & Drnovsek, M. (2005). Entrepreneurial Passion: The Nature of Emotions in Entrepreneurship. Academy of Management Proceedings, 1, G1-G6. Academy of Management. doi:10.5465/AMBPP.2005.18778641 Cardon, M. S., Wincent, J., Singh, J., & Drnovsek, M. (2009). The Nature and Experience of Entrepreneurial Passion. Academy of Management Review, 34(3), 511-532. doi:10.5465/AMR.2009.40633190 Chen, X. P., Yao, X., & Kotha, S. (2009). Entrepreneur Passion and Preparedness in Business Plan Presentations: A Persuasion Analysis of Venture Capitalists’ Funding Decisions. Academy of Management Journal, 52(1), 199-214. http://www.jstor.org/stable/ 40390282 Cross, B., & Travaglione, A. (2003). The Untold Story: Is the Entrepreneur of the 21st Century Defined by Emotional Intelligence?. The International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 11(3), 221-228. doi:10.1108/eb028973 Crouch, M., & McKenzie, H. (2006). The Logic of Small Samples in Interview Based Qualitative Research. Social Science Information, 45(4), 483-499. doi:10.1177/0539018406069584 Deci, E. L. (1980). The Psychology of Self-Determination. Free Press. Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1985). The General Causality Orientations Scale: Self-Determination in Personality. Journal of Research in Personality, 19(2), 109-134. doi:10.1016/0092-6566(85)90023-6 Denzin, N. K., & Lincoln, Y. S. (1994). The Sage Handbook of Qualitative Research. California: Sage Publications. DiMaggio, P., & Powell, W. (1983). The Iron Cage Revisited: Institutional Isomorphism and Collective Rationality in Organizational Fields. American Sociological Review, 48(2), 147-160. doi:10.2307/2095101 Filion, L. J. (1991). Vision and Relations: Elements for an Entrepreneurial Metamodel. International Small Business Journal, 9(2), 26-40. doi:10.1177/026624269100900202 Fisher, R., Maritz, A., & Lobo, A. (2013). Obsession in Entrepreneurs- Towards a Conceptualisation. De Gruyter, 3(2), 207-237. doi:10.1515/erj-2012-0009 Fligstein, N. (2001). Social Skill and the Theory of Fields. Sociological Theory, 19(2), 105-125. Gamson, W. (1975). The Strategy of Social Protest. Homewood, IL: Irwin Press. Giddens, A. (1984). The Constitution of Society: Outline of the Theory of Structuration. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. Glaser, B. G., & Strauss, A. L. (1967). The Discovery of Grounded Theory: Strategies for Qualitative Research. New York: Aldine Publishing Company. Goffman, E. (1959). Presentation of Self in Everyday Life. Garden City, NY: Doubleday Press. Goffman, E. (1974). Frame Analysis: An Essay on the Organization of Experience. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Haar, J., Taylor, A., & Wilson, K. (2009). Owner Passion, Entrepreneurial Culture, and Financial Performance: A study of New Zealand Entrepreneurs. New Zealand Journal of Applied Business Research, 7(2), 19-30. Hayes, J. R., & Hatch, J. A. (1999). Issues in Measuring Reliability: Correlation Versus Percentage of Agreement. Written Communication, 16(3), 354-367. doi:10.1177/0741088399016003004 Kets de Vries, M. F. (1985). The Dark Side of Entrepreneurship. Harvard Business Review, 63(6), 160-167. Kumar, V., & Luo, M. (2006). Linking an Individual’s Brand Value to the Customer Lifetime Value: An Integrated Framework. American Marketing Association Winter Educators’ Conference, Chicago, Proceedings, 17: 152. LaVigne, N., Bieler, S., Cramer, L., Ho, H., Kotonias, C., Mayer, D., ... & Samuels, J. (2014). Justice Reinvestment Initiative State Assessment Report. Washington, DC: Urban Institute. Ma, H., & Tan, J. (2006). Key Components and Implications of Entrepreneurship: A 4-P Framework. Journal of Business Venturing, 21(5), 704-725. doi:10.1016/j.jbusvent.2005.04.009 Menasco, M. B., & Curry, D. J. (1978). An Assessment of the Role Construct Repertory Test. Applied Psychological Measurement, 2(3), 361-369. doi:10.1177/014662167800200309 Meyer, J., & Scott, W. R. (1983). Organizational Environments: Ritual and Rationality. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage. Pierce, J. L., Kostova, T., & Dirks, K. T. (2001). Toward a Theory of Psychological Ownership in Organizations. Academy of Management Review, 26(2), 298-310. doi:10.2307/259124 Rogers, R. (2004). A Critical Discourse Analysis of Literate Identities across Contexts: Alignment and Conflict. In Rogers R (Eds.), An Introduction to Critical Discourse Analysis in Education (pp. 51-78). US: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Schein, E. H. (2004). Organizational Culture and Leadership. 3rd ed. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Schein, E. H. (2009). The Corporate Culture Survival Guide. USA: John Wiley & Sons. Shane, S., Locke, E. A., & Collins, C. J. (2003). Entrepreneurial Motivation. Human Resource Management Review, 13(2), 257-279. Smilor, R. W. (1997). Entrepreneurship: Reflections on a Subversive Activity. Journal of Business Venturing, 12(5), 341-346. doi:10.1016/S0883-9026(97)00008-6 Souitaris, V., Zerbinati, S., & Al-Laham, A. (2007). Do Entrepreneurship Programmes Raise Entrepreneurial Intention of Science and Engineering Students? The Effect of Learning, Inspiration and Resources. Journal of Business Venturing, 22(4), 566-591. doi:10.1016/j.jbusvent.2006.05.002 Stoeber, J., Harvey, M., Ward, J. A., & Childs, J. H. (2011). Passion, Craving, and Affect in Online Gaming: Predicting How Gamers Feel When Playing and When Prevented from Playing. Personality and Individual Differences, 51(8), 991-995. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2011.08.006 Strauss, A., & Corbin, J. (1990). Basics of Qualitative Research: Grounded Theory Procedures and Techniques. California: Sage Publications. Thorgren, S., & Wincent, J. (2013). Passion and Role Opportunity Search: Interfering Effects of Conflicts and Overloads. International Journal of Stress Management, 20(1), 20. doi:10.1037/a0031457 Vallerand, R. J. (2010). On Passion for Life Activities: The Dualistic Model of Passion. In M. P. Zanna (Eds.), Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, (pp. 97-193). San Diego, CA, US: Academic Press. doi:10.1016/S0065-2601(10)42003-1 Vallerand, R. J. (2012). From Motivation to Passion: In Search of the Motivational Processes Involved in a Meaningful Life. Canadian Psychology/Psychologie Canadienne, 53(1), 42-52. doi:10.1037/a0026377 Vallerand, R. J., & Houlfort, N. (2003). Passion at Work: Toward a New Conceptualization. In S.W. Gilliland, D. D. Steiner, & D. P. Skarlicki (Eds.), Emerging Perspectives on Values in Organizations, (pp. 175-204). Greenwich, CT: Information Age Publishing. Vallerand, R. J., Blanchard, C., Mageau, G. A., Koestner, R., Ratelle, C., Léonard, M., & Marsolais, J. (2003). Les Passions de l’ame: On Obsessive and Harmonious Passion. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85(4), 756-767. doi:10.1037/0022- 3514.85.4.756 Vallerand, R. J., Mageau, G. A., Elliot, A. J., Dumais, A., Demers, M. A., & Rousseau, F. (2008). Passion and Performance Attainment in Sport. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 9(3), 373-392. doi:10.1016/j. psychsport.2007.05.003 van Dijk, T. A. (1988). How ‘They’ Hit the Headlines. Ethnic Minorities in the Press. In G. Smitherman- Donaldson & T. A. van Dijk (Eds.), Discourse and Discrimination (pp. 221- 262). Detroit, MI: Wayne State University Press. Wang, C. C., & Chu, Y. S. (2007). Harmonious Passion and Obsessive Passion in Playing Online Games. Social Behaviour and Personality, 35(7), 997-1005. doi:10.2224/sbp.2007.35.7.997 Watne, T. A., & Hakala, H. (2013). Inventor, Founder or Developer? An Enquiry into the Passion that Drives Craft Breweries in Victoria, Australia. Journal of Marketing Development and Competitiveness, 7(3), 54-67. Winnen, C. J. (2005). To be or not to be: The Role of Passion and Obsession in the Entrepreneurial Process. Frontiers of Entrepreneurship Research. 26(6), Article 9. http://digitalknowledge.babson.edu/fer/vol26/iss6/9 Zigarmi, D., Nimon, K., Houson, D., Witt, D., & Diehl, J. (2009). Beyond Engagement: Toward a Framework and Operational Definition for Employee Work Passion. Human Resource Development Review, 8(3), 300-326. doi:10.1177/1534484309338171 Zott, C., & Huy, Q. N. (2007). How Entrepreneurs Use Symbolic Management to Acquire Resources. Administrative Science Quarterly, 52(1), 70-105. doi:10.2189/asqu.52.1.70