Gülin İdil SÖNMEZTÜRK BOLATAN, Ahmet BEŞKESE, Sıtkı GÖZLÜ

İmalat Firmalarının Kalite Performansını Etkileyen Faktörler

İşletmeler, günümüz iş hayatının getirdiği yoğun rekabet ortamında hayatta kalabilmek için, işlerini yüksek kalite düzeyinde yürütmek zorundadırlar. Bu noktadan hareketle bu çalışmanın amacı, mal üreten firmaların kalite performansını etkileyen faktörleri ve bu faktörlerin kalite performansına etki derecelerini araştırmaktır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda öncelikle, kalite performans faktörlerini belirlemek üzere bilimsel yayın araştırması yapılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda elde edilen 12 faktör kullanılarak oluşturulan model doğrultusunda, İstanbul Sanayi Odası’nın belirlediği ilk 1000 firma içinde yer alan rassal seçilmiş 200 mal üreten büyük ölçekli firmaya bir anket gönderilmiştir. Toplanan veriler Yapısal Eşitlik Modellemesi (Structural Equation Modeling - SEM) ile analiz edilerek, belirlenen kalite performans ölçütlerinin firmaların kalite performansını etkileme dereceleri belirlenmiştir. Ürünün güvenilirliği, ürünün tasarım özelliklerine (spesifikasyonlara) uygunluğu ve ürünün dayanıklılığı, kalite performansına en çok etki eden ilk üç değişken olarak bulunmuştur. Kalite performansını en az etkileyen değişken ise biten ürünlerin müşteriye tam zamanında teslimat oranı olarak bulunmuştur. Araştırmanın bulguları kalite performansını arttırmaları için firmalara yol gösterici olacaktır. Kalite performansını hızlı bir şekilde arttırmak isteyen firmalar, öncelikle kalite performansına etki derecesi yüksek olan faktörleri dikkate alıp bu faktörler ile ilgili gerekli iyileştirmeleri sağlamalıdırlar.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Kalite, Kalite performansı, Yapısal eşitlik modeli

Factors Affecting the Quality Performance of Companies

Due to intense competition of contemporary business life, companies need to achieve significant quality performance for survival. Considering this fact, this study aims to define the factors affecting the quality performance of manufacturing firms and their influence levels. To accomplish this aim, a thorough literature study was conducted to define the quality performance factors. A model was constructed with the yielded 12 factors. By using these, a survey was conducted in 200 large-scale manufacturing firms randomly selected from a list of 1000 most successful firms defined by the Istanbul Chamber of Commerce, Turkey. Data were collected and analyzed by Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to determine the influence levels of the quality performance factors on the overall quality of the firms. Reliability, conformance of the product to the design specifications, and durability are found to be the three most highly influencing factors, respectively, whereas delivery lead-time of finished products/services to customers is found to be the least influencing factor. The results are expected to help managers in defining their priorities in their quest for quality.

Keywords:

Quality, Quality performance, Structural equation modeling,

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